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Conditional Sentences (Conditionals)

Conditional Sentences (Conditionals). There are 4 main kinds of condition expressed by IF-clauses: The present condition (the “ zero conditional ” ) The will-condition (the “ first conditional ” ) The would-condition (the “ second conditional ” )

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Conditional Sentences (Conditionals)

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  1. Conditional Sentences (Conditionals) • There are 4 main kinds of condition expressed by IF-clauses: • The present condition (the “zero conditional”) • The will-condition (the “first conditional”) • The would-condition (the “second conditional”) • The would-have-condition (the “third conditional”) • We give examples of these kinds, using this common pattern: IF + Clause, Main Clause

  2. (A) Present Condition • Form: IF + ..Present Simple.., Present Simple … • Meaning: This has the present simple in both clauses, and means that the condition can be true at any time. e.g. If/When I eat too much, I get fat. (This always happens) e.g. If/When somebody waves a red flag, it usually means danger. (A general rule) In this type of condition, IF means almost the same as WHEN or WHENEVER.

  3. (B) The will-Condition (The “1st conditional) • Form: IF +…Present Simple…,…Will/Won’t.. • Meaning: Predicting a likely result in the future (if the condition is fulfilled) e.g. “The sky looks dark. If it rains, we’ll get wet.” OK. Let’s go by car.” e.g. If your boyfriend phones, I’ll tell him you’ve gone out with your mother. (=It’s possible or likely that he will phone.) e.g. “If we leave now, we’ll catch the 10.30 train.””Well, we will if we hurry.” e.g. If you take this medicine, you will soon feel better.

  4. NOTE: When has a different meaning from if: it claims that the event will definitely happen. e.g. When the Queen dies, her son will become king. (i.e. “This is the fact.”)

  5. (c) The would-Condition (The 2nd conditional) • Form: IF + …Past Simple…, …’d/would… • Meaning: Imagining the present or future to be different. • A: If I worked, I wouldn’t be so poor. • B: If I were you, I’d get a job immediately. (Advising) • Here, both speakers are talking about something unreal, unlikely or untrue. They are talking about the situation now, and not in the past. Other examples: e.g. “Would you accept that job, if they offered it to you?”“No, I wouldn’t take it even if they gave me an extra one million a year.”

  6. Imaging: e.g. “If I were a millionaire, I’d buy some land and a beautiful house.””Would you? I wouldn’t. If I had a million dollars, I’d give it all away.”

  7. (D) The Would-have-Condition (The 3rd Conditional) • Form: IF + …Past Perfect…, ,,,’d/would have .. +Past Participle… • Meaning: Imaging the impossible, i.e. something which did not happen. The speaker is dreaming of or imagining a different past. But the past cannot be changed! e.g. If I hadn’t been to the casino, I wouldn’t have been so rich. e.g. Poor man! If he had driven more carefully, he wouldn’t have been injured. e.g. If television had not been invented, what would we have done in the evenings?

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