Biology Review for 1st 9 Weeks Exam

1. OCTOBER 12, 2012 REVIEW FOR 1ST 9 WEEKS EXAM

2. 1. What traits are common to all living things? • ANSWER: All living things: • Grow • Reproduce • Respond to changes in the environment • Move • Take in nutrients • Take in oxygen for cellular respiration • Produce wastes to be eliminated • Made of cells

3. 2. What is the order of classification from the largest group to the smallest? • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • species

4. 3. What classification group has the greatest variety of organisms? • ANSWER: • Kingdom

5. 4. What makes up the 2 parts of a scientific name? • ANSWER: • Genus and species names 5. What part of the scientific name shows relationship? ANSWER: Genus shows closest relationship

6. 6. Who developed the modern system of classification? • ANSWER: • Linnaeus

7. 7. What is the scientific name (written correctly) of: • WOWbug • ANSWER: Melittobiadigitata • California blackworm • ANSWER: Lumbriculusvariegatus • Duckweed • ANSWER: Lemna sp.

8. 8. How do you determine a microscope’s total magnification? Give an example. • By multiplying the power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective lens being used. • Example: • Ocular = 10x and objective = 40x • Total magnification = 10 X 40 • =400x

9. 9. What does it mean for a WOWbug to be a “parasitic wasp”? • ANSWER: • It is an insect that lays its eggs in or on another insect

10. 10. What are the parts of the microscope? (know where they are)11. What does each microscope part do?

12. 12. What are the structures of Lumbriculus that we viewed and what did they do?

13. 13. What are some characteristics of the blackworm? • ANSWER: • Segmented • Has a photoreceptor • Tubelike, transparent body • Can reproduce by fragmentation and regeneration • Rapid reflex in tail

14. 14. What are the characteristics of insects? • 3 body parts: head, thorax and abdomen • Six jointed legs • An exoskeleton • 2 antennae • 4 wings

15. 15: What are some rules of correct microscope use? • ANSWER: • Always carry the microscope with 2 hands- on base and arm • Focus with the lowest power objective lens • Never let the objective lens touch the stage

16. 16. What are the 6 kingdoms and what are some characteristics of organisms in each? • Archaea: unicellular prokaryotes that live in harsh environments • Bacteria: unicellular prokaryotes • Protista: a diverse kingdom that has organisms that are plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like • Fungi: mostly multicellular organisms that have cell walls and absorb nutrients

17. #16 continued: • Plantae: Multicellular organisms with cells that have a cell wall and chloroplasts and they make their own food • Animalia: multicellular organisms that have cells with no cell walls and usually can move freely

18. 17. What are the 3 domains and what kind of cells are found in each? • ANSWER: • Archaea: prokaryotic cells • Bacteria: prokaryotic cells • Eukarya: eukaryotic cells

19. 18. What are some differences between the plant and animal kingdoms • ANSWER: • Plants: • are sessile • reproduce sexually or asexually • have different stages of growth and development • external stuctures such as leaves, flowers, thorns, roots, stems • internal structures which consist of 3 tissues

20. #18 (CONTINUED) • Animal: • Are motile • Usually reproduce sexually • Have different stages of growth and development • External structures such as include arms, legs, hair, feathers, scales • Internal structures are made of 4 different tissue types

21. 19. Be able to label items as biotic factors or abiotic factors in the environment

22. ABIOTIC FACTORS: Water Oxygen/ carbon dioxide Soil Rocks Temperature BIOTIC FACTORS: Microorganisms (bacteria, protists…) Birds, lizard, zebra and other animals Plants Fungi (mushrooms, mold…) #19 CONTINUED

23. VOCABULARY REVIEW ALL CLASSES

24. All of the living things in an area • ANSWER: community • The place where an organism naturally lives • ANSWER: habitat • A group of individuals of a species that live in an area • ANSWER: population

25. Group of interbreeding organisms that share similar characteristics • ANSWER: species • Community of living organisms and their physical environment • ANSWER: ecosystem • A living creature • ANSWER: organism

26. Having to do with living things • ANSWER: biotic • Having to do with nonliving things • ANSWER: abiotic • The science of classifying living things • ANSWER: taxonomy

27. A body section of an organism • ANSWER: segment • Tiny hairlike structures found on blackworm segments • ANSWER: chaetae • The leaves of aquatic plants like the Lemna • ANSWER: frond

28. A saddle-like structure or bulge on an earthworm • ANSWER: clitellum • A structure that is sensitive to light • ANSWER: photoreceptor • The process by which certain organisms produce new body parts • ANSWER: regeneration

29. An organism that cannot be seen without magnification • ANSWER: microscopic • An organism that can be seen with the unaided eye • ANSWER: macroscopic • Curved glass that is used to make things look clearer, larger and closer • ANSWER: lens

30. The maximum area visible through the lens of a microscope • ANSWER: field of view • A tool that uses 2 lenses and light to make a specimen visible • ANSWER: compound light microscope • A slide on which no water is used • ANSWER: dry-mount slide (used to view WOWbug)

31. Hard outer shell that covers the bodies of certain animals, including crustaceans and insects • ANSWER: exoskeleton

32. A universally used name for an organism which contains the organism’s genus and species • ANSWER: scientific name • A category of classification that is always the first part of a scientific name • ANSWER: genus

33. STUDY FOR TUESDAY’S EXAM SURVIVAL GUIDE CHECK ON WEDNESDAY

34. 18. What are some differences between monocots and dicots?

35. What did we view with a dry-mount slide? • ANSWER: WOWbugs

36. 20. Know the parts of an energy pyramid.

37. #20 continued: 4th trophic level: Tertiary consumer/ heterotrophs 3rd trophic level: secondary consumers/ heterotrophs 2nd trophic level: primary consumers/ heterotrophs 1st trophic level: producers/ autotrophs

38. Solid waste released by earthworms • ANSWER: castings • A slide and coverslip with a drop of liquid and/or a specimen between them • ANSWER: wet-mount slide • The beginning of growth or sprouting of a seed • ANSWER: germination

39. The first leaf or one of a pair of leaves developed by the embryo within a seed • ANSWER: cotyledon

40. Organism that can use energy directly from the sun to produce simple sugars • ANSWER: producer • Another name for a producer • ANSWER: autotroph • Organisms that get their energy by eating either producers or other organisms that eat producers • ANSWER: consumer

41. Another name for a consumer • ANSWER: heterotroph • An organism that break down dead organisms into matter called detritus • ANSWER: decomposer

42. A plant whose seed contains 2 seed leaves • ANSWER: dicotyledon • A plant whose seed contains one seed leaf • ANSWER: monocotyledon • A substance composed of a mixture of nutrient substances in proportions necessary for plant growth • ANSWER: fertilizer

43. Meat-eater • ANSWER: carnivore • Plant-eater • ANSWER: herbivore • Organism that eats both plant and animal • ANSWER: omnivore