Joints

1. Joints • are the location of two bones that often are dependant on a central structure. • Joints allow movement, support, and structure to bones and ligaments . • From a structure viewpoint there are 3 catagories: 1.) Cartilaginous joints2.) Fibrous joints3.) Synovial joints

2. From a functions viewpoint there are 3 catagories 1.) Amphiarthrosis - allow minimal movement - most are cartilaginous joints2.) Diarthrosis - A large amount of movement - most are synovial joints3.) Synarthrosis - almost none to no movement - most are fibrous joints

3. Suture joints – fibrous joints – found on skull berween cranial sutures Plane joints – synovial joint – ankle, hand – allow bones to glide to side of another bone Hinge joints – synovial joint – Knee, elbow, fingers, and toes – allow for only bendingand straightening movements Pivot joints – synovial joint – neck – allow for somwhat limited rotating movement Ellipsoidial joint – synovial joint – wrist – allow for a more complicated movement – includingball and socket movement, hinge movement. Saddle joints – synovial joint – wrist – allow for other complex movements in two planes Ball and socket joint – synovial joint – hip and shoulders – allow for forward and backwardmovement along with sideways and rotating movements

4. Types of movement and examples (with muscles) flexion- move lower leg toward upper extension- straightening the leg abduction- moving leg away from body adduction- movong leg toward the body rotation- around its axis supination- rotation of arm to palm-up position pronation- palm down circumduction- swinging arms in circles inversion- turning foot so sole is inward eversion- sole is out