Components of DQ&I

1. Data Quality & Improvement SectionObservations and Engineering BranchBureau of MeteorologyAustraliaBruce Forgan

2. Components of DQ&I • Standards Group == Regional Instrument Centre – metrology • Region V Radiation Centre • Region V Ozone Centre • GAW and Data Delivery Group • Solar and Terrestrial Radiation Network • Ozone Networks • RADAR and Wind Profilers • AMDAR + surface based aviation (ceilometers) • Sea level tsunami • Lightning • Satellite Applications (Solar, NDVI, Wind etc) • Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station (GAW)

3. Bureau Weather Observation Networks RADAR Coverage 59

4. Bureau Weather Observation Networks Staffed field offices 57with upper air flights Rainfall (real-time) 2810 Rainfall (climate) 4706

5. Total Column Ozone • Dobsonspectrophotometers • manual • 3-4 periods/day • Umkehr (dawn) • UV spectrometers • automatic • fixed solar angle • WAN-based • data entry • data distribution

6. Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution StationGlobal Atmosphere Watch Measurement Programs Meteorology Precursors to New Particles Phytoplankton (University of Tasmania) Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases (10+) Carbon Dioxide and Isotopes Radon Reactive Gases (Ozone and NOx) Particles Multiphase Aerosol Chemistry Solar and Terrestrial RadiationUV Radiation (& OH) Archive tanks Higher degree scholarships(2 per annum)

7. Maintenance of physical standards Maintenance and development of standard practices through: Uncertainty analysis Specifications Instrument verification (& calibration) NATA accreditation(ISO 17025) Traceable hierarchies OEB facility at Broadmeadows Instrument test reports Technical notes External publications Issues verified instruments to network pressure temperature rainfall humidity ozone solar/UV & terrestrial radiation Instrument and observing protocols Education on measurement uncertainty Instrument and process development In-situ training (+ students) Standards Group & ARIC

8. ARIC Facilities

9. Main GroupsDependent on DQ&I Section Outputs • Bureau of Meteorology • Traceability of all observations (Regional Instrument Centre) where applicable • National Climate Centre – specialist climate observations • Satellite applications • NATA & Australian & NZ Solar Community • Commercial calibrations • Auditors on meteorological metrology • Standards Australia • Metrology standards for environmental monitoringAustralian standard on solar and terrestrial radiation • World Meteorological Organization • Region V (SW Pacific) Australian Regional Instrument Centre ++ • Global Climate Observing System • Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation • Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) • IPCC/Kyoto Protocol

10. Solar and Terrestrial Radiation • Solar (280-4000 nm) • Direct (total and spectral) (412, 500, 610, 778, 868) • Diffuse • (Global) • UVB (Alice Sp, Cape Grim) • Terrestrial (>4000 nm) • Minute statistics • WAN-based • data distribution (30 min, daily updates) • Quality System

11. Some S&T Network Sites

12. Network Solar Exposure Frequency Distributions

13. Solar & Terrestrial Network • Solar (280-4000 nm) • Direct (total) spectral 412, 500, 610, 778, 868)(either K&Z CH1 or Middleton DN5/sapphire), body temp. • Direct Spectral SPO2 (368, 412, 500 (x2), 610, 778, 812, 868, 10 nm FWHM) • Diffuse (CM11/CMP21, body temp) • (Global CM11/CMP21, body temp) • UVB (NZ spectrometer, Alice Springs, Darwin) • ASR (Adelaide), UV ASR (Melbourne) • PFR Alice Springs (GAWPFR) • PI Radiometer (UV, 260-480 nm, 0.3 nm pixel) – 5 ready for deployment • Terrestrial / Longwave (>4000 nm) – shaded Eppley PIR • Data acquistion – Datataker 500 -> CS 3000 • 1 Hz sampling (-> storing 1Hz) • Minute signal statistics (mean, max, min, std. devn.) • Sunshine seconds (120 Wm-2, 95 Wm--2, 145 Wm--2) • ftp ‘quick look’ to RIC and intranet every 30 minutes • daily ftp for processing post midnight • cleaning monitor, local statistics for observer

14. Typical S&T Instrument Set

15. Solar & Terrestrial Calibration Frequency • Regional Radiation Centre • Two Calibration Kits • Agilent data system (yearly) • CH1 pyrheliometer (6 monthly) • FT001/DN5/Huskeflux/CHP1 pyrheliometer (6 monthly) • Eppley PIR (12 monthly) • Station visits (2-5 days) • BSRN (4) – 6 monthly • Standard (6) – 2 years

16. Field Calibrations – 6 month or 2 years(locations where clear sun can be expected) Pyrheliometer solar sequence ~4 hours clear sun • Instruments connected in parallel to local data system and cal kit data systems • Direct compared to 2 cal kit pyrheliometers of different type(for >90 minutes, 1 Hz sampling, uninterripted sun) • Global and diffuse pyranometers swapped Continuous verification/calibration of pyranometers in situ Sunny sites Total diffuse ratio (in conditions of < 1 Wm-2 direct for > 30 min) Component sum (used for daily verification) Alternate (pyranometer swap) method “Pseudo” method using total diffuse ratio “Haliwell” Scattered cloud method ~ 1 remote year remote sun-disk calibration on clear sky day Cloudy (2) site calibrations “Haliwell” Scattered cloud method to verify pyranometer Instrument rotation of pyrheliometer and pyranometers

17. Field Calibrations – Infrared & Data System(All Stations) Pyrgeometer • Night comparison only • cloud base > 3 km – variable cloud base is best • >90 minutes comparison post sunset with cal kit pyrgeometer Data system • Verified by parallel voltage and resistance measurements Pyrheliometer and PIR calibration runs are processed just post collection back at HO (Melbourne) ideally same day to determine if the calibration is successful, or needs to be repeated

18. Using U95

19. Bureau Developed Radiometers UV ASRMelbourne Airport PI Radiometer Test Facility