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ATTENTION STUDENTS

ATTENTION STUDENTS. Several students asked me to post the lists of terms & names that we are using to study for the semester exam. This current version is incomplete, but it’s what I have so far. Check back soon for a more complete version of this file .

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ATTENTION STUDENTS

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  1. ATTENTION STUDENTS • Several students asked me to post the lists of terms & names that we are using to study for the semester exam. • This current version is incomplete, but it’s what I have so far. Check back soon for a more complete version of this file. ***UNITS 7-8 ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THIS FILE, BUT THEY WILL BE ON THE SEMESTER EXAM. MAKE SURE TO STUDY THEM!***

  2. Unit 1 Review:History and Approaches • Terms/Ideas • psychology • phrenology • structuralism • introspection • functionalism • Gestalt psychology • perceptual units • psychodynamic/psychoanalytic theory • unconscious • behaviorism • humanistic psychology • cognitive psychology • social psychology • nature vs. nurture • psychology vs. psychiatry • Important People to Know • John Locke • Rene Descartes • Hippocrates • Wilhelm Wundt • William James • Sigmund Freud

  3. Unit 2 Review:Research Methods • Terms/Ideas • hypothesis • theory • operational definition • population • sample (random sampling) • Descriptive research • case study • surveys • naturalistic observation • Correlational research • correlation coefficient (r) • direction and size of correlations • drawbacks/limitations? • Experimental research • independent & dependent variables • experimental & control conditions • confounds • Terms/Ideas, cont. • random assignment • reliability • validity (internal & external) • demand characteristics • placebo effect • double-blind design • Descriptive statistics • measures of central tendency • measures of variability • Inferential statistics • statistical significance • meta-analysis • informed consent • debriefing • Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

  4. Unit 3 Review: Biological Bases of Behavior • Neurons • Dendrites • receptor sites • Nucleus • Cell body/soma • Axon • Myelin sheath • Schwann cells • Nodes of Ranvier • Terminal branches/terminal buttons • vescicles • Neurotransmission • action potential & resting potential • threshold (“all or none law”) • neurotransmitters • acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate, endorphins • agonists vs. antagonists • Mapping the Brain • Brain damage examples (Phineas Gage, H.M.) • EEG, MEG • CT scan • PET scan • MRI & fMRI • Brain Structures • Brainstem • Medulla • Pons (locus coeruleus) • Reticular Formation • Cerebellum • Thalamus • Limbic system • Amygdala • Hippocampus • Hypothalamus • Corpus callosum • Cerebral cortex • Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes • Motor cortex, sensory cortex

  5. Unit 3 Review:A Few Misc. Topics • endocrine system • hormones • pituitary gland • branches of the nervous system (and their functions) • split brain patients • SSRIs • plasticity

  6. Unit 4 Review:Sensation & Perception • Terms/Ideas • sensation vs. perception • bottom-up & top-down processing • absolute threshold • just-noticeable difference (JND) • Weber’s Law • priming • signal detection theory • sensory adaptation • transduction • Visual Sensation & Perception • amplitude & frequency of light waves • parts of the eye • theories of color vision • trichromatic theory • opponent-process theory (afterimages) • feature detector neurons • Terms/Ideas, cont. • Visual Sensation & Perception, cont. • cues to depth perception (monocular vs. binocular) • motion perception • stroboscopic effect • phi phenomenon • change blindness • Stroop task • Auditory Sensation & Perception • amplitude & frequency of sound waves • parts of the ear • pitch theories (place theory, frequency theory) • cocktail party effect • gate-control theory of pain • synesthesia

  7. Unit 5 Review:States of Consciousness • Terms/Ideas • consciousness (normal/waking vs. altered states) • Sleep • circadian rhythm (roles of hypothalamus, pineal gland, melatonin) • stages of sleep • brain wave activity • Why do we sleep? • Why do we dream? • Freud (manifest vs. latent content) • activation-synthesis theory • memory consolidation • Terms/Ideas, cont. • Sleep, cont. • sleep disorders • insomnia • narcolepsy (hypocretin) • sleep apnea • night terrors • Hypnosis • absorption • applications of hypnosis • Psychoactive drugs • addiction, tolerance, & withdrawal • 3 classes: • depressants • stimulants • hallucinogens • Near-death experiences

  8. Unit 6 Review:Learning • Classical vs. operant conditioning • Classical conditioning • unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UR), conditioned stimulus (CS), conditioned response (CR) • extinction, reacquisition, & spontaneous recovery • generalization & discrimination • contingency model of classical conditioning • Operant conditioning • shaping • positive & negative reinforcement • positive & negative punishment • 4 schedules of partial reinforcement • Higher-level learning • latent learning • insight learning • social/observational learning (mirror neurons) • Names to know: • Ivan Pavlov • Robert Rescorla • B.F. Skinner • Wolfgang Kohler • Albert Bandura

  9. Important Names to Know From Fall Semester • Hippocrates • John Locke • Rene Descartes • Wilhelm Wundt • William James • Sigmund Freud • Anna O. • Phineas Gage • H.M. • Franz Mesmer • Edward Thorndike • Ivan Pavlov • B.F. Skinner • John Watson • Albert Bandura • Wolfgang Kohler • Robert Rescorla • Donald Sperling • Herman Ebbinghaus • Elizabeth Loftus • Clive Wearing • Benjamin Whorf • Noam Chomsky • Paul Broca • Carl Wernicke • Genie the Feral Child • Abraham Maslow • Paul Ekman • Stanley Schacter & Jerome Singer • Hans Selye

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