Obj - SWBAT- Describe how the reform movements of the 1800s affected life in the United States

Obj- SWBAT- Describe how the reform movements of the 1800s affected life in the United States DO NOW- When and how did women receive the right to vote?

The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within”[Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Education Temperance Abolitionism Asylum &Penal Reform Women’s Rights

Revivalism • PROBLEMS TO SOLVE • Lack of Faith & Personal Responsibility • Challenged the belief that God had predestined your salvation (Heaven/Hell) • Stressed personal responsibility—your actions matter • METHODS USED • Held large, public revival meetings (religious gatherings) • Influential speakers used moving sermons to motivate followers

Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting

Charles G. Finney(1792 – 1895) The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation. “soul-shaking” conversion R1-2

The leaders of the Second Great Awakening preached that their followers had a sacred responsibility to improve life on Earth through reform, especially for the disadvantaged

Transcendentalism • PROBLEMS TO SOLVE • Personal Responsibility for actions • Believed that faith could be found without large, loud, public revival meetings. • METHODS USED • Stressed individual strength & a simple life • Truth found in nature • Used literature to call for human rights (wanted to end slavery, reform institutions & prisons)

Transcendentalist Thinking • Man must acknowledge a body of moral truths that were intuitive and must TRANSCEND more sensational proof: • The infinite benevolence of God. • The infinite benevolence of nature. • The divinity of man. • They instinctively rejected all secular authority and the authority of organized churches and the Scriptures, of law, or of conventions

Transcendentalism (European Romanticism) • Therefore, if man was divine, it would be wicked that he should be held in slavery, or his soul corrupted by superstition, or his mind clouded by ignorance!! • Thus, the role of the reformer was to restore man to that divinity which God had endowed them.

Transcendentalist Intellectuals/WritersConcord, MA Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Nature(1832) Resistance to Civil Disobedience(1849) Self-Reliance (1841) Walden(1854) “The American Scholar” (1837) R3-1/3/4/5

The Transcendentalist Agenda • Give freedom to the slave. • Give well-being to the poor and the miserable. • Give learning to the ignorant. • Give health to the sick. • Give peace and justice to society.

School & Prison Reform • PROBLEMS TO SOLVE • Lack of Education • Few received a formal education beyond 10 yrs • Inhumane treatment of Mentally ill and Prisoners • Mentally ill were jailed with prisoners, both treated harshly • METHODS USED • Fought for public schools for all • Published fact finding reports, spoke out publicly, stressed rehabilitation for prisoners

Educational Reform Religious Training  Secular Education • MA  always on the forefront of public educational reform* 1st state to establish tax support for local public schools. • By 1860 every state offered free public education to whites.* US had one of the highest literacy rates.

Horace Mann(1796-1859) “Father of American Education” • children were clay in the hands of teachers and school officials • children should be “molded” into a state of perfection • discouraged corporal punishment • established state teacher- training programs R3-6

The McGuffey Eclectic Readers • Used religious parables to teach “American values.” • Teach middle class morality and respect for order. • Teach “3 Rs” + “Protestant ethic” (frugality, hard work, sobriety) R3-8

Slavery & Abolition • PROBLEMS TO SOLVE • Slavery in the South • Apathy toward slavery in the North • METHODS USED • Douglass toured the north to speak out against slavery • Both Douglass & Garrison published anti-slavery newspapers

Women & Reform • PROBLEMS TO SOLVE • Women’s Rights • Temperance (alcohol abuse) • Abolition of Slavery • METHODS USED • Held large public protests • Held Women’s Rights convention 1848 (Seneca Falls) • Spoke out through rallies & various writings

Women’s Rights • Women’s rights advocates seek to break the Cult of Domesticity • The belief that women should only work in the home to perform domestic duties (children, house, family) • Women call for property rights, custody rights for their children • The right to vote, and sit on juries • Campaign for equal political rights

Early 19c Women • Unable to vote. • Legal status of a minor. • Single  could own her own property. • Married  no control over herproperty or her children. • Could not initiate divorce. • Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.

Temperance Movement Public Drunkenness remained a serious problem Women believed that alcohol use by men was hurting families and society Women became the leaders of the temperance movement.

Obj - SWBAT- Describe how the reform movements of the 1800s affected life in the United States