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Aldehydes and Ketones The carbonyl group

Aldehydes and Ketones The carbonyl group Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen attached to the carbonyl group. Ketones have two carbons attached to the carbonyl group. Naming Aldehydes Find the longest carbon chain that contains the aldehyde group.

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Aldehydes and Ketones The carbonyl group

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  1. Aldehydes and Ketones The carbonyl group Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen attached to the carbonyl group. Ketones have two carbons attached to the carbonyl group.

  2. Naming Aldehydes Find the longest carbon chain that contains the aldehyde group. Change ending of the root alkane name by dropping –e and adding –al. All other branches and groups are named and located using standard IUPAC system.

  3. Butanal 2-ethyl butanal

  4. Naming Ketones Find the longest chain that contains C=O. Using the root alkane name, drop the –e ending and change to –one. Number the longest carbon chain so the C=O group has the lowest number. Name and number other substituents as before.

  5. Physical Properties.

  6. Physical Properties, cont. Because of the polarity of the C=O group, these groups can interact, but the attraction is not as strong as hydrogen bonding. This makes the boiling point of aldehydes and ketones higher than alkanes, but lower than alcohols.

  7. H H O || R-C-R O Physical Properties, cont. The C=O group can hydrogen bond with water molecules.

  8. Reactions, cont. The addition of H2 in the presence of catalysts.

  9. Examples: (propanone)

  10. Aldehyde and Ketone Reactions Recall the oxidation of alcohols to produce aldehydes and ketones.

  11. REACTIONS • The ease with which aldehydes are oxidized allows us to test for the presence of aldehydes with Tollens’ reagent or Benedict’s reagent. • In general, ketones fail to react with these reagents. From left to right, three test tubes containing potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), acetone, and benzaldehyde. After the addition of equal amounts of K2Cr2O7, the acetone remains unreacted, whereas the benzaldehyde is oxidized.

  12. FORMALDEHYDE Simplest Aldehyde IUPAC Name – Methanal Gas at Room Temp. Embalming Fluid

  13. automobile windshield washer fluid, gas line antifreeze, copy machine fluid, fuel for small stoves, paint strippers

  14. ACETONE Simplest Ketone Airplane glue; nail polish remover; varnishes IUPAC Name – Propanone Dissolves nonpolar substances; soluble In water

  15. Hormones Testosterone Anabolic Steroid

  16. Testosterone

  17. (Provera®)

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