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Life Cycle of a Rubber Tire

Life Cycle of a Rubber Tire. Resource Stream. Source. Para rubber tree – ( Hevea brasiliensis ) named for its country of origin, Brazil Major Rubber tree plantations are located: Tropical, rainy areas Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia Natural rubber is used in over 40,000 products .

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Life Cycle of a Rubber Tire

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  1. Life Cycle of a Rubber Tire

  2. Resource Stream

  3. Source • Para rubber tree – (Heveabrasiliensis) named for its country of origin, Brazil • Major Rubber tree plantations are located: • Tropical, rainy areas • Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia • Natural rubber is used in over 40,000 products

  4. Area under NR cultivation (thousand hectares) by country, average 2000-2005

  5. Extraction • Latex – milky white secretion extracted from trees • Tapping • About 20 seconds per tree • 450-650 trees per day per person • Every other, every third day

  6. Extraction • Collection • After all tapping is done • Collected in half shell coconuts, glazed pottery, aluminum or plastic cups. • Cup lump and tree lace, collected upon return • 10-20% • Latex must be collected before coagulation

  7. From a Social Point of View . . . • The tappers are often poor, uneducated women • The pay is extremely low

  8. PROCESSING • Vulcanization • Rubber is mixed with sulfur, bisphenol, or peroxide • Molded or extruded into shape • Heated after rubber has taken final form • To improve resilience and elasticity, durability and utility

  9. MANUFACTURING Schematic of Tire Production Process

  10. Transport • The collected latex is transferred into tanks THEN • transferred into air tight containers with sieving for ammoniation. • After being mixed and extruded, the hot gummy compound is cooled into slabs and transported to breakdown mills where the rubber takes the desired form • Shipped worldwide

  11. Storage Before Use During Use

  12. Tire Storage

  13. Use

  14. Disposal/ Dispersal Methods

  15. Disposal/ Dispersal Methods • Landfill Disposal • Whole tires trap methane gas • Shredded tires a better option • Stockpiles and Illegal dumping • Fire risk • Vermin • Mosquitoes • High-Power Ultrasound Recycling

  16. Tire Recycling Supply Stream Tire Derived Products • Whole tires • Used by steel mills as carbon source, instead of coal or coke • Barriers, such as collision reduction, erosion control • Earthships! • Stamped (cut) tires • Sandals and sub-road base • Chipped (shredded) tires • Tire-Derived Fuels (TDF)

  17. Tire Recycling Supply Stream continued • Tire Derived Products • Ground (crumb) rubber • Rubber Modified Concrete (Sidewalks) • Rubber Modified Asphalt • Carpet padding • Patio decks • Movable speed bumps • Playground equipment

  18. Environmental Impact • Latex allergies • Social and economic suppression of workers • Road Dust: • Particulate air pollution • Water pollution: • TDF – Air Pollution • “As of 2003, about 290 million tires are discarded in the U.S. every year (roughly one per person). Nearly 45% of these scrap tires (130 million) are used as "Tire Derived Fuel" (TDF), which involves burning the (usually shredded) tires.” (Energy Justice)

  19. Environmental Impact

  20. Any Questions?

  21. Literature Cited • American Chemical Society (1999, November 30). Road Dust - Something To Sneeze About. Science Daily. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from website: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/11/991130062843.htm • Crop: Rubber. InfoComm, Market Information in the Commodities Area. Retrieved November 22, 2009 from website: www.unctad.org/infocomm/anglais/rubber/crop.htm • Environment: Life Cycle Assessments. Life Cycle Assessment of a Car Tire. Continental. Retrieved November 17, 2009 from website: http://www.conti-online.com/generator/www/com/en/continental/portal/themes/esh/life_cycle_assessments_en/download/life_cycle_assessment_en.pdf • Kinneman, Ballew. (1997 March 08). A Brief Natural History of latex Rubber Allergy. Retrieved October 19, 2009 from website: http://www.immune.com/rubber/nr1.html • Natural Rubber. Wikipedia. Retrieved October 23 from website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_rubber • Parag R. Patel, Joshua J. Pun, Cory A. Robinson. (2001 April 25). Polymer Products in Everyday Life. Retrieved October 22, 2009 from website: http://www.eng.buffalo.edu/Courses/ce435/2001ZGu/Firestone_Tires/FirestoneTiresReport.htm • Stockpiles and Illegal Dumping. Wikipedia. Retrieved November 12, 2009 from website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire_recycling. Last modified on 29 November 2009. • Tire-Derived Fuel. Wastes - Resource Conservation - Common Wastes & Materials - Scrap Tires. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved November 20, 2009 from website: http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/tires/basic.htm. Last updated on Wednesday, September 24th, 2008. • What is "Tire Derived Fuel" and why is it dangerous? Energy Justice Network. Retrieved November 24, 2009 from website http://www.energyjustice.net/tires/

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