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Evolution of Modern Genetics: Pioneers, Discoveries, and Milestones

Explore the origins of modern genetics from Lamarck's theory of acquired characteristics to Watson and Crick's discovery of DNA structure. Learn how Mendel's experiments laid the foundation for genetic inheritance and how pioneers like Thomas Morgan and Oswald Avery advanced the field. Delve into the interdisciplinary nature of genetics, the impact of biology and physics, and the importance of scientific communication.

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Evolution of Modern Genetics: Pioneers, Discoveries, and Milestones

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  1. Origins of Modern Genetics • Jean Baptiste Lamarck (French, early 19th c.): “The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics” • Charles Darwin (English, 1859): Species can change through the process of natural selection • Gregor Mendel (Austrian, 1865): Founder of modern genetics; Experimental discovery of inheritance of traits from one generation to the next; genes as material foundation of heredity

  2. Jean B. Lamarck (1744-1829)

  3. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

  4. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

  5. Modern Genetics • Thomas Morgan (1866-1945): Located genes at chromosomes and developed modern genetics through experiments on Drosophila—fruit flies • Oswald Avery (1877-1955) and colleagues: Discovered in 1944 that DNA was the molecule that contained genetic information

  6. Thomas Morgan (1866-1945)

  7. Oswald Avery (1877-1955)

  8. Watson and Crick • James Watson (1928-) and Francis Crick (1916-2004): “Cracked” the molecular structure of DNA and explained how the genetic codes were transferred from one generation to another. • Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004) and Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958): made the crucial contributions to Watson and Crick with their crystallography of DNA

  9. James Watson

  10. Francis Crick

  11. Rosalind Franklin

  12. Maurice Wilkins

  13. Issues to Consider • Modern science as interdisciplinary • Biology and physics • Importance of being at a center of scientific communication • Styles of scientific research • Gender and science

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