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Origins of Modern Genetics. Jean Baptiste Lamarck (French, early 19 th c.): “The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics” Charles Darwin (English, 1859): Species can change through the process of natural selection
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Origins of Modern Genetics • Jean Baptiste Lamarck (French, early 19th c.): “The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics” • Charles Darwin (English, 1859): Species can change through the process of natural selection • Gregor Mendel (Austrian, 1865): Founder of modern genetics; Experimental discovery of inheritance of traits from one generation to the next; genes as material foundation of heredity
Modern Genetics • Thomas Morgan (1866-1945): Located genes at chromosomes and developed modern genetics through experiments on Drosophila—fruit flies • Oswald Avery (1877-1955) and colleagues: Discovered in 1944 that DNA was the molecule that contained genetic information
Watson and Crick • James Watson (1928-) and Francis Crick (1916-2004): “Cracked” the molecular structure of DNA and explained how the genetic codes were transferred from one generation to another. • Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004) and Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958): made the crucial contributions to Watson and Crick with their crystallography of DNA
Issues to Consider • Modern science as interdisciplinary • Biology and physics • Importance of being at a center of scientific communication • Styles of scientific research • Gender and science