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HEVs as Environmental Friendly Vehicles

Explore the benefits of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) in terms of air pollution control, global warming mitigation, and sustainable mobility. Learn about the different technologies and regulations driving the development of HEVs and their potential impact on energy diversification and the economy.

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HEVs as Environmental Friendly Vehicles

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  1. Battery Generator Inverter Engine Motor/Generator HEVs as Environmental Friendly Vehicles The 4th FEALAC Working Group on Science and Technology 29 - 30 June 2006, Bangkok Nobuo IWAI Japan Automobile Research Institute, JARI

  2. What's The Environmental Friendly Vehicles ? Priority 1. Air Pollution Control 2. Global Warming (Energy Saving) 3. Sustainable Mobility Future Fuel, Energy Diversification, Renewable Energies Environment Economy Energy ３E

  3. Regulations on Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust Emissions in Japan CO: 2.7%@2005/1965 HC: 0.8%@2005/1969 NOｘ: 1.6%@2005/1971

  4. Regulation on Diesel Vehicle Exhaust Emissions in Japan NOx: 12%@2005/1973 5%@2009/1973 Vehicle Exhaust Emission Problems Could Be Solved Until 2010 in Japan PM: 3%@2005/1973 1%@2009/1973 Next big issues are Energy saving and Energy Diversification

  5. Fuel Economy of Gasoline Vehicles F.E. km/L Conv. Gasoline HEV Lean Burn SIDI 2010 Regulation GVW kg http://www.mlit.go.jp/jidosha/nenpi/nenpilist/05-1.pdf

  6. HEVs in USE in Japan Vehicle Numbers （台） • 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 （年度末） Years

  7. Principle of HEV Operation １．Engine Stop at Idling ２．Recovered Brake Energy Efficiency Engine Driven ３．Motor Driven Energy Loss ：High Efficient Engine Operation →Generator→ Bat. Storage →Traction Motor Load Engine Weak Point Is Low Efficiency at Low Load

  8. 60 40 Vehicle speed(km/h) 20 0 120 Drive work: 1.0 80 40 Driving wheel power(kW) 0 -40 -80 Deceleration work: 0.6 -120 0 0 20 20 40 40 60 60 80 80 100 100 120 120 140 140 Time sec Recovery of Deceleration Energy

  9. No engine idling at vehicle stop is effective for energy saving Vehicle speed Average vehicle speed

  10. Idling Stop Motor run Motor + Engine run Engine run + Generation Motor regeneration Engine Engine Engine Engine Engine Battery Battery Battery Battery Battery Generator Generator Generator Motor/Generator Motor/Generator Motor/Generator Motor/Generator Motor /Generator Operation on HEVs Stop Start Acceleration Cruising Deceleration Stop Vehicle Speed Generator Generator

  11. Driving Modes

  12. Fuel Economy Improvement Ratio Under the Different Driving Modes

  13. Plug-in HEVs for the future Recharge from an electric outlet Daily trip is running as a BEV. Long trip is running as a Conv. HEV. Low Capacity High Capacity Energy Storage System (ESS) ESS Fuel Tank Inverter Engine M/G GE Inverter Fuel Tank Non Plug-in HEVs Conventional HEVs GE Engine M/G Daily trip distance is not so long Source: US National Highway Travel Survey 2001

  14. Plug-in HEV Operation Modes Starts as a BEV then transition to HEV Conv. HEV Power Required ultra large batteries large motor and power electronics BEV operation Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ Starts like a conventional HEVs ・Drive as a BEV at low load like a commuter ・Drive by engine at high load Power Using engine at high load BEV operation Conv. HEV Ｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ Required large batteries to meet daily drive Source: US National Highway Travel Survey 2001

  15. Fuel costs, CO2, Fuel economy & Emission of Plug-in HEVs Source: EPRI-Car Co’s.-DOE Labs study ”Comparing HEVs options”-Conv. and hybrids P0,P20,P60 for a 1500kg car

  16. Fuel Cycle Energy, Annual Gasoline Use & Purchase Costs for Midsize 1350kg car Source: EPRI study Energy storage systems are biggest problems

  17. Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ　ｏｆ　Various Energy Storage Systems

  18. Battery Motor & Generator Engine PCU Honda Multimatic Production HEVs in Japan INSIGHT (Honda) Parallel HEVs CIVIC（HONDA) Honda IMA System (Integrated Motor Assist) Engine + Motor Assist Motor Assist

  19. Gasoline engine Power split device Generator Inverter Motor Battery Production HEVs in Japan Series/Parallel HEVs PRIUS(TOYOTA) THS (Toyota Hybrid System)

  20. Gasoline engine Front wheel Rear wheel Rear Mot Power split device Generator Inverter Motor Battery Production HEVs in Japan Series/Parallel HEVs HARRIER(TOYOTA) THS-II (Toyota Hybrid System) KLUGER(TOYOTA) Engine 155kW System 200kW

  21. Front Wheel Rear Wheel Engine St. MG Rear MG CVT Fr. MG Inverter Fr Inverter Rr Battery Production HEVs in Japan Series/Parallel HEVs ESTIMA(TOYOTA) THS-C (Toyota Hybrid System-CVT) ALPHARD(TOYOTA)

  22. Production HEVs in Japan LEXUS GS450h (TOYOTA) Series/Parallel HEVs Engine 218kW Motor 147kW Front Engine/Rear Drive

  23. Electronic Control Brake System Motor / Generator x 1 Max. 55kW Gearbox Inverter Diesel Engine EDLC* System (*Electric Double Layer Capacitor) Electronic Control Mechanical Clutch Electronic Control Mechanical A/T Production HEVs in Japan Parallel HEVs (NISSAN DIESEL) Capacitor Hybrid M.D. Diesel Truck Nissan Diesel EDLC System ( Super Power CapacitorTM ) Max. 346V,583Wh

  24. Incentive for introduction A - B ×C = 2 A: Price of a HEV B: Price of a CV C: Coefficient of Reduction 0.9 for Light-duty HEVs 0.97 for EVs and the other HEVs

  25. Summary • Vehicle exhaust emission problems could be solved on a next decade. • The next key issue is energy saving. • HEV’s technologies are major keys for vehicle energy saving. • Discussion on Plug-in HEVs due to use clean electricity are just started for the future energy/fuel saving and energy diversification. • Energy Storage systems, such as a battery are major technologies for downsizing and cost down of HEV systems for wide spread introduction.

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