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ITU Standardization in Changing Environments

Explore the history, structure, and functions of the ITU Standardization Sector (ITU-T) and its role in standardizing telecommunications worldwide.

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ITU Standardization in Changing Environments

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  1. ITU Standardization and its new Environment Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 23 June 2004 by Houlin ZHAO Director Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) International Telecommunication Union, Geneva Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 - Switzerland Tel: +41 22 730 5851 Fax: +41 22 730 5853 E-mail: tsbdir@itu.int ITU Home page address: http://www.itu.int

  2. 1837 Invention of the first electric telegraph 1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore 1865 Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States 17 May with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations. 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone 1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee) 1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee) 1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee) 1932 Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to International Telecommunication Union 1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations 1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) 1992 Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors: ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD ITU Landmarks

  3. Structure of the ITU

  4. "The functions of the Telecommunication Standardization Sector shall be, bearing in mind the particular concerns of the developing countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union relating to telecommunication standardization, as stated in Article 1 of this Constitution, by studying technical, operating and tariff Questions and adopting Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis" Functions of ITU-T

  5. CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee): 1956 1st Plenary Assembly 1960 2nd Plenary Assembly Red Books 1964 3rd Plenary Assembly Blue Books 1968 4th Plenary Assembly White Books 1972 5th Plenary Assembly Green Books 1976 6th Plenary Assembly Orange Books 1980 7th Plenary Assembly Yellow Books 1984 8th Plenary Assembly Red Books 1988 9th Plenary Assembly Blue Books ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector): 1993 1st World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki 1996 2nd World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC-96), Geneva 2000 3rd World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA-2000), Montreal CCITT and ITU-T

  6. Workshop / forum • Focus Group • Joint Group • Project team Organizational Structure of ITU-T

  7. Study Group 2: Operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance Study Group 3: Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunications economic and policy issues Study Group 4: Telecommunication management, including TMN Study Group 5: Protection against electromagnetic environment effects Study Group 6: Outside plant Study Group 9: Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound transmission Study Group 11: Signalling requirements and protocols ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG

  8. Study Group 12: End-to-end transmission performance of networks and terminals Study Group 13: Multi-protocol and IP-based networks and their internetworking Study Group 15: Optical and other transport networks Study Group 16: Multimedia services, systems and terminals Study Group 17: Data networks and telecommunication software SSG: IMT-2000 and Beyond TSAG: Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (Priorities: IP, Mobility, next generation, security, …) ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG

  9. Approval of new and revised Recommendations - Sequence of events (TAP)

  10. (a) 3 weeks 4 weeks LC (b) SG Director’s Meeting Announcement (c) and Posting SG or Edited Director’s WP Text Announcement for LC and Posting Meeting 3 weeks (b) for LC AR (a) (b) Approved (a) Comment Director’s Resolution Announcement Director’s Edited and Posting Notification Text for AR Available LC: Last Call AR: Additional Review AAP Sequence of Events(extract from Rec. A.8)

  11. Questions (projects) • Contributions driven (normal contributions, delayed contributions, temporary documents) • face-to-face meeting: • - debate, determination, approval of reports, approval of Questions - SG/WP meetings: decision making; Rapporteur meetings: develop texts • Decision = consensus, unanimous agreements • Recommendations (Amendments, Corrigenda, supplements) • draft Recommendations, determined draft Recommendations • approved Recommendations, pre-published Recommendations, published Recommendations • Implementor’s Guides • Meeting reports • Electronic submissions, web consultations, email, ftp • Paperless meeting – LAN/Wireless – LAN connections in meeting rooms Working methods

  12. Series A Organization of the work of the ITU-T Series B Means of expression: definitions, symbols, classification Series C General telecommunication statistics Series D General tariff principles Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems Series I Integrated services digital network ITU-T Recommendations Series (1)

  13. Series J Transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals Series K Protection against interference Series L Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant Series M TMN and network maintenance: international transmission systems, telephone circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased circuits Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits Series O Specifications of measuring equipment Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks ITU-T Recommendations Series (2)

  14. Series Q Switching and signalling Series R Telegraph transmission Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment Series T Terminals for telematic services Series U Telegraph switching Series V Data communication over the telephone network Series X Data networks and open system communication Series Y Global information infrastructure and internet protocol aspects Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems ITU-T Recommendations Series (3)

  15. Best selling texts(in the order of download number from 09/01-01/04): H.248.x seriesH.323Z.100H.263G.707 H.262 H.324E.164 M.3100 H.245 Q.764 X.680 G.703H.223G.728Q.761T.38Q.762 G.783Q.850Q.763Q.931T.30G.729 Some well-known ITU-T Recommendations: E.190 E.212G.652 G.655 G.692 G.720 G.723 Annex A+disk G.780-series (SDH) G.826 G.957 G.982 G.990-series (xDSL) H.248 H.324 H.450 I.365 I.432 I.731 J.112 J.117 M.3010 M.3100 M.3400 Q.931 Q.1700-series (IMT-2000) T.37 T.38 V.34 V.44 V.59 V.90 V.92 X.25 X.36 X.509 X.680-series (ASN.1) X.690 X.840-series Y.1310 Y.1540 Best Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations09.2001-01.2004

  16. Approval and publication time of Recommendations

  17. Three major items: - IP-related issues - IMT-2000 - Accounting rates Other items: - Multi-media, access networks (xDSL), optical transmission, security, numbering and addressing, inter-operabilities, IPR, etc. ITU-T's main work areas

  18. 7 kHz band - wideband (G.722-series) 4 kHz band - analogue 64 kbit/s - PCM, G.711, 1972 32 kbit/s - ADPCM, G.726 (1984, 1988), 1990 16 kbit/s - G.728, 1992 8 kbit/s - G.729, 1996 ITU-T’s work on voice coding

  19. Classic facsimile (G3, G4) T.4, T.6 B/W still pictures (JBIG) T.82, T.83 Cont. tone colour (JPEG) T.81 (lossless) (JPEG-LS) T.86 (JPEG-2000) T.800 ITU-T’s work on still picture coding

  20. H.261 - video coding at p x 64 kbit/s H.262 - generic video and audio coding H.263 - video coding for low bit rates H.264 - improved multimedia video coding (vs. MPEG-4) ITU-T’s work on moving picture coding

  21. 622 Mbit/s OPTICAL ACCESS 50 Mbit/s VDSL 25 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s HDSL/ ADSL 2 Mbit/s 640 kbit/s ISDN 128 kbit/s Analog modems 56.6 kbit/s 28.8 kbit/s Year 9.6 kbit/s 1989 1997 2000 Access network

  22. E.164 … • G.707 (SDH), G.709 (OTN), G. 764 (packetized voice protocoles), G.99x (xDSL)… • G.722 (7 kHz), G.728 (16 kbit/s), G.729 (8 kbit/s) (audio coding); H.263, H.264 (advanced video coding); • H.248 (gateway), H.323 (multimedia systems) … • I.365 (FR), I.432 (B-ISDN), I.732 (ATM) … • J.112 (Cable TV), J.16x + J.17x (IPCablecom) … • M.3120 (CORBA for TMN) … • Q.933 (DSS1), Q.1300 (TASC), Q.1930 (BICC), Q.27xx (B-ISDN), Q.29xx (DSS2) … • T.37, T.38 (IPfax), T.12x (multimedia conference) … • V.29 (9.6 K modem), V.34 (34 kbit/s), V.90/V.92 (56 kbit/s) … • X.25, X.75, X.76 (FR), X.85 (IP over SDH), X.86 (Ethernet over LAPS), X.121, X.4xx (MHS), X.5xx (Directory), particularly X.509, X.8xx and X.1000 (security), X.9xx (ODP) … • Y-series: dedicated to IP and GII • Z.100 (SDL), Z.14x (TTCN), Z.3xx (MM languages), X.68x/X.69x (ASN.1) … ITU-T’s products for IP-networks

  23. Specified IMT-2000 systems and its spectrums • Interworking functions to be used with existing and evolving IMT-2000 systems • Convergence of fixed and existing IMT-2000 systems • New Generation of mobile systems ITU-T’s mobile communications

  24. Quality of Service (QoS) • Numbering and routing • Security • Tariffs and Accounting rates • Interworking Ensuring global interoperability

  25. Top Members participation (2003)

  26. Top attendees, except G8 countries, Administrations, 2003

  27. . . Top attendees, except G8 countries, ROAs, 2003

  28. Top attendees, except G8 countries, SIOs, 2003

  29. Top attendees, except G8 countries, Associates, 2003

  30. TAF meetings in Africa Region in 2001-2004 • Director’s presence at WTDC-2002 regional preparatory meeting in Cameroon, 29-31 May 2001 • ITU-T SG 12 meeting and workshop, Dakar, Senegal, 18-26 October 2001, supported by Senegal and ITU Area Office in Dakar • ITU-T Workshop in Botswana, 24-26 July 2002 (100 participants from 14 African countries) • Director’s presence at Telecom Africa: - 12-16 November 2001, Johannesburg, South Africa - 4-8 May 2004, Cairo, Egypt • Seminar on Impact of Electromagnetic Field Emissions, Kampala, Uganda, 3-5 September 2003 • ITU Seminar on Standardization, Accra, Ghana, 27-28 May 2004 ITU-T/TSB activities in Africa

  31. 20 Sector Members from 13 countries (Algeria, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Togo, Zimbabwe) • 4 regional organizations (ATU, COPTAC, LAS, SATA, URTNA) • Increasing participation to SG activities, but still very low level (except for SG 3) • Vice-Chairmen from Africa • TSAG: Mr. A. Zourmba (Cameroon) • SG 3: Mr. H. K. Hamani (Niger) • SSG: Mr. P. F. Masambu (Uganda) • Tariff Group for Africa (TAF): • Chairman: Mr. M. Ndaro (Kenya) • Vice-Chairmen: Mr. E. Elop (Cameroon) • Mr. M. Traore (Mali) • Mr. A. Akue-Kpakpo (Togo) African involvement with ITU-T

  32. Participation of African countries in ITU-T study group meetings – 2002

  33. Participation of African countries in ITU-T study group meetings – 2003

  34. International SDOs: ISO, IEC, WSC; ISO/IEC JTC1 • Regional SDOs: ATIS, TIA, TSACC, TTA, TTC, ARIB, CCSA, ETSI, ACIF, GSC • For internet: IETF/ISOC, ICANN, ccTLDs, etc. • Many Forums/SDOs: such as IEEE, 3GPPs, ATM, TMF, … • Regional Telecom organizations: APT, ATU, CITEL, RCC, CEPT, ETNO, … • etc… International Cooperation

  35. Members for Rec. A.4, A.5 and A.6 Forums/SDOs

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