Houlin Zhao Deputy Secretary-General, ITU

1. International Telecommunication Union ICT Innovation and ITU At the 10th China Beijing International High Tech Expo International Forum on China High-Tech DevelopmentBeijing, 25 May 2007 Houlin ZhaoDeputy Secretary-General, ITU

2. Telecommunication system development 1837: Invention of telegraph 1876: Bell patent his telephone invention 1895: First radio relay system 1902: First radio transmissions of the human voice 1920: Sound-broadcasting by Marconi company 1957: First satellite 1963: First telecommunications satellite Telephone switching systems 1935-1950: Cross-bar 1950-1960: Research electronic switching 1960: Software production 1965-1975: 1st generation, space-division SPC 1970-1985: Time-division digital centralized SPC 1980-: Time-division digital distributed SPC Evolution of telecommunication systems

3. Electronic computer generations 1945: 1st generation, with tubes 1958: 2nd generation, with transistors 1963: 3rd generation, with integrated circuits 1975: 4th generation, with microprocessors 1990s: 5th generation, with artificial intelligence Semi-conductor / solid state components generations 1950: Transistors 1970: Integrated circuits 1975: LSI (Large Scale Integration) 1980: VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Evolution of computer technologies

4. Telegraph: Morse Code  telegraph  telex (wireless) (wired + wireless) • Telephone: analogue  digital  IP Telephony • Network Switch: manual, automatic (mechanic), SPC (circuit switch, packet switch), ISDN/B-ISDN, TMN, NGN • Data: PSS, connectionless, internet • Transmission: cable, submarine cable, optical fibre, microwave, radio; broadband, PCM, DSL, LAN, DWDM, CWDM, TDM, SDH, FR, ADPCM, OTN, PON, GPON • Coding: Voice coding, fax coding, still image coding, moving image coding (MPEG) • TV: black and white, colour, high definition TV, digital TV, Cable TV, IPTV • Mobile/cellular: analogue, digital (GSM, CDMA), IMT-2000 (3G), Mobile TV • Radio: SOS, VHF/UHF, LF/MF broadcasting, satellite, space communications • Languages: CHILL, TTCN, ASN.1, etc. • Other areas: QoS, security, numbering and addressing, tariff and accounting, etc. New topics: • LAN, WLAN, Wi-Fi, WiMax, ENUM, IPv6, Universal access, Multilingual internet Home networking , IPTV, RFID also • Spam, virus, phishing, hackers, … Telecommunications technology evolution

5. The average annual economic growth in Germany between 1960 and 1990 was 3,3 %. By DIN Standards 27,3 % Capital 48,5 % Licenses 15,2 % Patents 3,0 % Labour 6,0 % Economic growth is highly influenced by standards

6. 1837 Invention of the first electric telegraph • 1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore • 17 May 1865 Foundation of the “International Telegraph Union” with the adoption of the “First International Telegraph Convention” • Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone • 1906 First “International Radiotelegraph Convention” signed • 1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee) • 1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee) • 1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee) • 1932 Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to • International Telecommunication Union • 1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations • 1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International • Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) • 1992 Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors: • ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD ITU Landmarks

7. China joined ITU in 1920 • People’s Republic of China resumed its rights in ITU as of May 1972 • Ministry of Information Industry is a recognized Chinese Administration in ITU • China is a member of ITU Council (46 members) • 7 Sector Members including: • Alcatel Shanghai Bell, China Mobile, China Netcom, China Telecom, China Unicom, Huawei and ZTE are ITU Sector Members • 6 Sector Members from Hong Kong, 3 from Macao • Chinese Universities: BUPT; NUPT; XUPT; Zhejiang University; Tsing Hua University, etc… • Mr. Houlin Zhao, Director of TSB since 1999 and Deputy Secretary-General since January 2007 China in ITU

8. Phase I – 1973-1980s: Learning period • Learning, observing, collecting information; very few contributions • A few experts nominated as Vice-Chairmen of SGs in 1980s • Phase II – 1990s: Transition period • More contributions, more delegates (individuals often changed) • One expert was nominated as Chairman of SG 12 in 1996 • Mr. Zhao was elected as Director of TSB in 1998 • Phase III – 2000: Active period • Chinese nominated as Vice-Chairman of ITU-T SG 4 at WTSA-2000, Montreal, Canada • TD-SCDMA accepted as one IMT-2000 technology in ITU-R Recommendations in 2000 • IP over SDH (Rec. X.85) approved in 2000, Geneva, Switzerland • Chinese expert nominated as Vice-Chairman of ITU-R SG 1, Istanbul, Turkey • Mr. Zhao re-elected in 2002 • China elected as Vice-Chairman of WTSA-04, Florianópolis, Brazil • Five Chinese experts were nominated as Vice-Chairmen of various ITU-T SGs at WTSA-04 • More substantial contributions; more delegates (Chinese delegations become No. 1 from Asia, and often No. 2 after the US delegations; Huawei, ZTE, China Telecom, etc. very active) • CCSA, AVS and another forum in China established a status with ITU-T under ITU-T Rec. A.4, A.5 and A.6 • Phase IV: Among leaders? Chinese experts in ITU

9. - World’s most respected companies (50): Microsoft (1), IBM (5), Siemens (10), Dell (11), Sony Ericsson (18), Nokia (25), Cisco (30), Samsung (32) - World’s most respected business leaders (50): Zhang Ruimin, Haier (26) - Best for shareholder value (10): Microsoft (1), IBM (9) - Best turnaround (10): IBM (3), Microsoft (5), Samsung (9) - Best for customer service (10): IBM (3), Microsoft (4) - Best for innovations (10) nominated by CEOs: Microsoft (1), Sony Ericsson (5), IBM (6), Nokia (9), Samsung (10) - Best for innovations (10) nominated by fund managers: Microsoft (1), Nokia (10) Rankings (2005 vs 2004) of “Financial Times” 18 November 2005

10. See you in ITU, Geneva Thank you Houlin Zhao ITU Deputy Secretary-General dsg@itu.int Tel: +41 22 730 5595Fax: +41 22 730 5137