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IAFS 1000 Iraq and the Counterinsurgency Debate. Lecture Outline. Counterinsurgency Feisal I of Iraq Cairo Conference British Withdrawal and Return Independent Iraq. Counterinsurgency (COIN). John Nagl (interview) 2005: Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife
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Lecture Outline • Counterinsurgency • Feisal I of Iraq • Cairo Conference • British Withdrawal and Return • Independent Iraq
Counterinsurgency (COIN) • John Nagl (interview) • 2005: Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife • 2006: role in writing COIN Field Manual • Defying categorization: • Andrew Bacevich • Sarah Sewall
Andrew Bacevich on COIN • 2005: The New American Militarism • 2008: The Limits of Power • Force is “an exceedingly uncertain instrument”
Sarah Sewall on COIN • Member of Defense Policy Board • 2007: introduction to COIN FM reprint • Humanitarians must engage with military (see also Montgomery McFate)
Faisal I of Iraq (1883-1933) • Son of Sherif Hussein of Mecca • Early Arab nationalist • 1921-33: King of Iraq
Cairo Conference (1921) • Growing Arab unrest • British desire to reduce financial burden of empire, legitimize Middle East involvement • Kurdistan http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/images/iraq-map-group1.gif
British Withdrawal • Faisal’s resistance • British domestic pressure to withdraw • 1932: Iraqi independence
. . . and Return • 1936 military coup (precedent) • 1938: Nuri al-Said to power • 1939: death of King Ghazi • 1941: pro-German coup, British invasion • 1948: British withdrawal
Republican Iraq • 1958: republican coup, Nuri killed • 1963: Baath party coup • 1979: Saddam Hussein to power
Iraq under Saddam Hussein • 1980-1988: Iran-Iraq war • 1990-1991: Iraqi invasion of Kuwait >>> Gulf War • 2003: US invasion of Iraq >>> insurgency
Lessons • Value of ambiguity, shades of gray