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Phylum Chordata

Phylum Chordata. A.K.A. Chordates. Four Distinguishing Features. Single, hollow, dorsal nerve cord Gill or pharyngeal slits (small openings along anterior part of body or pharynx) Notochord: flexible rod for support that lies between the nerve cord and gut

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Phylum Chordata

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  1. Phylum Chordata A.K.A. Chordates

  2. Four Distinguishing Features • Single, hollow, dorsal nerve cord • Gill or pharyngeal slits (small openings along anterior part of body or pharynx) • Notochord: flexible rod for support that lies between the nerve cord and gut • Post-anal tail: tail that extends beyond the anus

  3. Chordate characteristics • http://www.biog1105-1106.org/labs/deuts/chordates.html

  4. Subphylum UrochordataA.K.A. tunicates SEA SQUIRTS • 3,000 species; all marine • Sessile • Filter feeders • Larval form has all four characteristics of chordates

  5. Subphylum UrochordataA.K.A. tunicates SALPS • Planktonic • Filter feeders • Warm water http://www.flickr.com/photos/31124758@N00/165884673/

  6. Subphylum CephalochordataA.K.A. Lancelets (amphioxis) • 23 species • 7 cm long, similar in shape to a fish • Retains chordate characteristics entire life • Invertebrate (lack a backbone) • Filter feeders; inhabit soft bottoms)

  7. Subphylum VertebrataA.K.A. Vertebrates • Have a backbone; usually made of bone • Bilateral symmetry • Endoskeleton • Complete digestive system • Closed circulatory system Include: fish, reptiles, birds and mammals

  8. Types of Fishes 1) Class Agnatha: Jawless fish 2) Class Chondrichthyes: cartilaginous fish 3) Class Osteichthyes: bony fish

  9. Class AgnathaA.k.a. Jawless fish • Lack jaws • Elongated like an eel • Lack paired fins • Lack scales • Mostly parasitic Examples: hagfish and lampreys

  10. Lampreys

  11. Hagfish

  12. Hagfish

  13. Class ChondrichthyesA.k.a. Cartilaginous Fish • Skeleton of cartilage • Movable jaws with teeth • Paired lateral fins for efficient swimming • Placoid scales: similar shape to teeth embedded into the skin • Spiracle and gill slits are not covered Includes: Sharks, Rays, Skates, and Ratfish

  14. Class Chondrichthyes • Placoid scales; sandpaper-like

  15. Class OsteichthyesA.k.a. Bony fish • Skeleton made of bone • Cycloid, ganoid or ctenoid scales which are thin flexible and overlapping • Scales are made of bone and covered by a thin layer of tissue and mucus • Operculum that covers and protects the gills • Swim bladder: fills with air to control buoyancy

  16. Class Osteichthyes • Gills covered by an operculum.

  17. Class Osteichthyes • Have different scales than sharks: Ctenoid Cycloid Ganoid

  18. Fish Adaptations • You will work in pairs. • Each pair will have one sheet of paper and each person should have a different color pen. • Each person in the pair will answer every other question in their color pen. • Answer the following questions: • Part I: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 8, 10, 11, 12(read),14, 15, 16, 17 (your fish only) • PartII: 1, 2 a-c, 3, 5, 7 • Part III: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

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