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Gift-hunting for a truly self-obsessed friend? Consider buying them a reading of their entire DNA code. Knome, a firm in Cambridge, Mass., offers this luxurious service. Recent news reveals their whole-genome sequencing process. Explore DNA amplification, sequencing, and heterozygote detection. Discover the fascinating world of personalized genetics.
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Know thy selfLuxury Genes - from Forbes.comGift-hunting for a truly self-obsessed friend? Consider buying him/her a reading of his/her entire DNA codeA firm in Cambridge, Mass. called Knome (pronounced "gnome") is offering the service. http://www.knome.com/Recent NewsOctober 2008: Knome Commences Whole-Genome Sequencing Process For First Clients
You, on a platter: A customer who pays $350,000 for Knome’s service receives a silver box containing an eight-gigabyte USB drive housing his or her genome sequence and specialized browser software. Credit: courtesy of Knome, Inc.
PCR Amplifies Target DNAin vitro • Replicating target DNA in vitro • Taq polymerase • Temperature-resistant DNA polymerase • Thermus aquaticus • Heat resistant • Best for <2 kb target 2581b Hill C9
Fig. 9.16.4 PCR Replicating target DNA in vitro 2581b Hill C9
Fig. 9.16.1 Amplify DNA PCR • Two primers bracket the target region to be amplified • Complementary to one strand • Anti-parallel 2581b Hill C9
Fig. 9.16.1 Amplify DNA PCR The 3’ nucleotide is critical for specificity 2581b Hill C9
Fig. 9.16.3 Amplify DNA PCR Cycles of repeated replication 2581b Hill C9
Fig. 9.16.2 Denature Extend Anneal Extend 2581b Hill C9
Lane M 1 2 3 4 N P 5 6 7 8 9 10 1.8 kb Primer Artefact What is the size of the PCR product? Gel electrophoresis separates PCR amplicons on the basis of size. 2581b Hill C9
PCR • The PCR song • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5yPkxCLads&feature=related • Exponential increase • Need to know some sequence information • Very sensitive • Can amplify from limited starting material • Ideal for 2kb target Fig 8-8 2581b Hill C9
Fig. 9.17.1 DNA sequencing 2581b Hill C9
Fig. 9.17.2 DNA sequencing 2581b Hill C9
Fig. 9.17.2 DNA sequencing ddTTP 2581b Hill C9
Original Strand / Template strand Nascent or New Strand Autoradiograph 2581b Hill C9
Fig. 9.17.3 2581b Hill C9
Fig. 9.18.a KH Genomics 10
Fig. 10.20.d Automated DNA Sequencing Gels are now replaced by capillaries filled with polymers KH Genomics 10
Sequencing Chromatogram 5’ Close to the sequencing primer Far from the sequencing primer 3’ Nascent or Newly synthesized strand KH Genomics 10
Page 349 Heterozygote Detection Maternal template sequence A Paternal template sequence C SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism KH Genomics 10
Page 349 Heterozygote Detection What would a chromatogram look like if the maternal copy had a deletion of one nucleotide? A typical DNA sequencing read is 1000 nucleotides KH Genomics 10