Identification and Hazard Assessment (IDHA) and Incident Action Plans: (I.A.P.)

1. Identification and Hazard Assessment (IDHA) and Incident Action Plans: (I.A.P.)

2. Spill Management vs. Decontamination • Spill Management - Internal Stop/Clean up the spill (if within capabilities) • Decontamination - Internal or External Clean up the people

3. How bad is this? • What do I know? • What don’t I know? • Quantity and Concentration • Characteristics of Hazardous Waste • Toxicity • Reactivity • Ignitable / Flammable • Corrosive

4. How bad is this? • Spill Area (surface area) • Ventilation • Population at risk to exposure • Environment at risk

5. Info Sources to Aid Identification and Hazard Assessment (IDHA) • Markings and Colors • Placards and labels • S.D.S. • ERG (Emergency Response Guidebook) • Reference guides • Technical information centers • People

6. Info Sources to Aid IDHA • People • Facility manager/employee • Victim • Witnesses

7. Info Sources Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) • ERG purpose: • Basic safety tool • Basic identification • Initial actions ERG

8. Info SourcesERG Organization • White — Basic info & instructions • Yellow — UN #, guide # & material name • Blue — Material name, guide # & UN # • Orange — Chemical information • Green —Isolation & Protective Actions

9. Pg III A 110

10. Pg III A 112

11. Info SourcesERG—Good But Limited • Classification of hazard • Guides — “most essential guidance” • Isolation/evacuation distances — guides • Use table of placards only if no ID • Intended use

12. Info Sources to Aid IDHA • NFPA 704 System • Blue = Health • Red = Flammability • Yellow = Reactivity • No color = special hazards # in diamond 0 = No Hazard to 4 = Worst Hazard

13. Introducing The HARM form • H - Hazard • A - and • R - Risk • M - Management

14. Pg III A 117

15. What does the HARM do? The HARM form allows responders to make informed decisions about future actions. Can we, with given resources, decon the victims? Can we handle a small spill? Do we say YES or NO? What are our limits?

16. What HARM means to you Toxicity – How long can I be exposed? Flammability – How easily does it catch fire? Solubility – What does it mix with? Specific Gravity – Will it sink or float in water? Vapor Density – Will it settle, stay or float away? Vapor Pressure – How easily does it get into the air? Corrosivity – Will it eat away at my suit? Carcinogenic – Could it cause cancer in me?

17. When & Who • When do we fill out the HARM form? • Who fills this out? As soon as the substance is identified, when possible. Trained FRO’s or other persons familiar with SDS, NIOSH, etc. and the information needed for the form.

19. Other Reference Guides

20. Reference Sources • NIOSH Guide • ATSDR Medical Management Guidelines • ATSDR Volume ll Managing Hospital Incidents

21. Safety Data Sheet 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Airborne Exposure Limits: -OSHA Permissible ExposureLimit (PEL): 100 ppm (TWA) xylene 100 ppm (TWA) ethylbenzene -ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV): xylene: 100 ppm (TWA) 150 ppm (STEL), A4 - Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. ethyl benzene: 100 ppm (TWA) 125 ppm (STEL), A3 - Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans. Ventilation System: A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details. Use explosion-proof equipment. Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved): If the exposure limit is exceeded and engineering contro2l0s7 are not feasible, a half-face organic vapor respirator

22. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Pg III A 101

23. ATSDR Medical Management Guidelines (MMG) Exposure values are also found in the General Information section of the MMG. Pg III A 84

24. IDHA - Acronyms and Terms • LD/LC 50 • Lethal Dose 50% • Lethal Concentration 50% • PPM/MgM3 • Parts Per Million • measured as volume of contaminant to volume of liquid or air collected in sample • Milligrams Per Cubic Meter • measured as weight of contaminant to volume of air collected in sample

25. IDHA - Acronyms and Terms • TLV™ - Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) • Average concentration that a worker can be exposed to during a 40 hour week/8 hour day without adverse effects. • TLV-STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit • Fifteen minute time-weighted average exposure • TLV-Ceiling (TLV-C) • Instantaneous levels which should not be exceeded

26. IDHA - Acronyms and Terms • IDLH -Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health • Maximum level from which a worker could escape without any escape impairing symptom or irreversible health effect • PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit • OSHA standards - therefore are legal limits • Based on TLV’s and many are identical • Include 8 hour PEL, 15 minute STEL, and Ceiling Limit

27. IDHA - Acronyms and Terms Fire • LEL and UEL • Lower Explosive/ Upper Explosive Limit • FR and FL • Flammable Range/Flammable Limit

28. IDHA - Acronyms and Terms Fire • FP - Flash Point • The temperature at which the liquid phase gives off enough vapor to flash when exposed to an external ignition source. [Gasoline = minus 40o F] • IT - Ignition Temperature/Fire Point • The temperature at which a liquid is capable of sustained fire with an external ignition source. [Gasoline = minus 35o F] • AIT – Auto-Ignition Temperature • The temperature at which a mixture of flammable vapor and air would ignite without a spark or flame. (It is always a higher temperature than the Ignition Temperature) [Gasoline = 536o F and Paper = 451o F]

29. IDHA - Acronyms and Terms • BP Boiling Point • SG Specific Gravity • Sol Solubility MSDS Floaters, Sinkers, Swimmers

30. IDHA - Acronyms and Terms • VD Vapor Density • VP Vapor Pressure • pH Acidity/Alkalinity Floaters, Sinkers

32. Remember! • Many hazmats are odorless, colorless and tasteless! • You may be exposed before you know it! • Wear PPE • Approach safely - UUU InternalExternal Above / Upgrade Up Hill Different Ventilation Up Wind Out of flow Up Stream

33. Limits of Toxicology • Most exposure levels based on animal tests • Test results with animals are often different than results with humans

34. Routes of Entry and Preventing Exposure • Inhalation - you breath it • Isolate and deny entry • Wear SCBA • Just stay away!

35. Routes of Entry and Preventing Exposure • Ingestion - you eat it • Isolate and deny entry • Don’t eat, smoke, drink • Natural reactions

36. Routes of Entry and Preventing Exposure • Absorption - soaks through skin • Isolate and deny entry • Wear proper PPE • Decon any exposure

37. Routes of Entry and Preventing Exposure • Injection - puncture wound • Isolate and deny entry • Wear proper PPE • How can this happen?

38. Variables & Modifying Conditions • Location • Proximity to patients • Ability to isolate

39. Predicted Behavior • Before intervention • Try to predict behavior of release • What will it do? • Where will it go? • What will it hurt?

40. Baseline Question • Before intervention • Outcome of natural stabilization? • Favorable impact intervention will make?

41. Incident Action Plan Result • IDHA is “Intelligence” • Now ready to Action Plan!

42. Action Planning • Components of action plans • ID the problem • ID resources available • Use available resources to solve problem

43. Start With a HICS 201/202 Form Pg III A 63 Pg III A 67 Pg III A 75

44. Site Safety Plan • Required and necessary for a safe and effective response • Much of the information can be planned before there is an incident Review Safety Plan Document

45. Pg III A 75

47. Action PlanningCapabilities & Resources • Personnel • Equipment • Policies/Procedures/Guidelines • Facilities HVAC Water containment

48. Review Questions