Presentation Transcript

1. Grammar Rules

   By: Samantha Planz
2. Purpose The purpose of this presentation is to teach children of the middle school level simple grammar rules that are commonly misused. Children will study the grammar rules and then be challenged to put what they learned in the presentation to use.
3. Audience This presentation is designed to help students grades 6-8. The presentation can also be used to refresh students of an older age of common grammar mistakes made in the English language.
4. Objective One First, we are going to take a close look at comma usage. We will learn how to use commas in a series, with introductory words, in clauses, in dates, and with quotations.
5. Introductory Words Place a comma after an introductory word, phrase, or clause. Strangely,it has occurred many times. Despite his high hopes,he was cut from the team. As they move through the streets of Chicago,Bob and Luke realize why it is called the windy city.
6. Words Without Meaning Place commas around words, phrases, and clauses that do not add essential meaning to a sentence. Numerous studies, however,have shown negative affects. Paul, my favorite teacher,is six feet tall. Wikipedia, which takes credibility away from the internet,is used by many people around the world.
7. Items In A Series Place commas between items in a series. English is fun, exciting, and useful. Dogs are cute, friendly, and fun. My mom is caring, loving, and sweet.
8. Quotations Place commas before and after a quotation within a sentence. Mom said,“You can play after your homework is done.” “You must practice ever day,” dad said, “if you want to be good.”
9. Names Place a comma between the name of a city and its state. She is from Villa Park, Illinois. We are going to Panama City, Florida. He works in Lafayette, Indiana.
10. Dates Place a comma between the day and year in a date. She was born June 16, 1989. Our wedding is September 10, 2008. He will come home July 15, 2010.
11. Titles Place a comma surrounding a title given to a person, place, or thing. Mark Green, PhD,will be the guest speaker. Eli Manning, MVP,won the super bowl. Britney Spears, VIP,entered the dance club.
12. Objective Two The next part of this presentation is going to review punctuation at the end of sentences. We will review the difference between declarative, imperative, interrogatory, and exclamatory sentences.
13. Declarative Sentences Declarative sentences are factual statements. Declarative sentences end in a period. I am a female. (Factual Statement) I am eighteen years old.(Factual Statement)
14. Interrogatory Sentences Interrogatory sentences ask a question. Interrogatory sentences end in a question mark. (?) Did you feed the dog? (Question) “What time will you be home? (Question)
15. Exclamatory Sentences Exclamatory sentences have a high level of excitement or emotion. Exclamatory sentences end in an exclamation point. (!) I just won a million dollars! We won the championship game!
16. Imperative Sentences Imperative sentences make a command or request. Imperative sentences end in a period. Pass the ketchup, please. Finish your homework.
17. Objective 3 The following part of the project with review the use of colons and semi colons. After this part of the presentation students will be able to decide which is appropriate and then put the semi colon and the colon into use.
18. Colon A colon can introduce a list. Make sure the part before the colon can stand alone as a sentence David has many skills:jumping, running, and swimming. Judy has three dogs: Bob, Harley, and Chloe.
19. Colon 2 A colon can introduce a restatement of the previous clause. Xena is a warrior: she spends much her time fighting battles. Lucy is a doctor: she takes care of sick children.
20. Colon 3 A colon can elaborate on the previous clause. Sarah was in pain: she sprained her wrist rollerblading. Luke was excited: he got an A on his exam.
21. Colon 4 ** Some people like to capitalize the first letter in the word directly after the colon. It is neither right nor wrong to do, if you do decide to capitalize, make sure you keep it consistent throughout a document or paper.
22. Semi-Colon 1 A semi-colon can be used to connect two sentences. Luke is a good basketball player; he rarely misses. Mr. Stop is a good real-estate person; however, he was not able to sell my house.
23. Semi-Colon 2 A semi-colon can be used to separate a series that already contains punctuation. I have lived in three different places: New York, New York; Elmhurst, Illinois; and Panama City, Florida. I have friends from very different places: Fort Wayne, Indiana; Vernon Hills, Illinois; and Houston, Texas.
24. Lets Practice! Click on the topic you want to practice first! Colons and Semi-colons Sentence Punctuation Commas Click here when you are done practicing.
25. Comma Pracice In which of these sentences are commas used correctly? Dave is caring loving, and happy. Mom said, “You can be anything you want.” I was born on February 12, 1898 in Chicago Illinois.
26. Whoops Good try, you almost had it! This sentence is missing one comma between the words caring and loving.
27. Woo Hoo! Great Job! You got it right! This sentence correctly uses commas. It is not missing any!
28. Uh - Oh You almost had it! This sentence is missing one comma between the words Chicago and Illinois. But, notice that commas are used correctly in the date.
29. More Comma Practice Click on the False statement. Commas can be used to separate words in a series. There can only be three commas in a sentence. Commas are used in dates and in titles. Click here to pick something else to practice!
30. Almost! You almost had it! Actually, this statement is correct: commas can be used to separate words in a series. We reviewed this earlier in the presentation, look back if you need more help!
31. Correct! Great job! You got it! This statement is false. It does not matter how many commas you use in a sentence as long as you follow comma rules.
32. Whoops Whoops, you almost got it! This statement is a true statement. Remember to always to use commas in names of people, places, and things and in dates!
33. Sentence Punctuation Practice Click on the letter of the correct answer. (decide whether each sentence is declarative, imperative, exclamatory, or interrogative.) 1) Clear the table and then wash the dishes. A. Declarative B. Imperative 2) “What are you doing tonight?” A. Interrogative B. Exclamatory 3) My birthday is tomorrow! A. Declarative B. Exclamatory 4) My favorite colors are green and orange. A. Declarative B. Interrogative Click here to choose another topic to practice!
34. Correct You’re right! Great Job! This sentences demands and makes a request therefore, it is an imperative sentence.
35. Whoops Whoops! Good try! The correct answer is Imperative. Imperative sentences make a request or a demand, declarative sentences state a fact. Clear the table and wash the dishes makes a request.
36. Woo Hoo! Correct! You got it! Interrogative sentences ask a question and always end in a question mark therefore, you’re right!
37. Uh Oh! Good try, you almost had it! Remember, Interrogatory sentences always end in a question mark and ask a question exclamatory sentences end in and exclamation point.
38. Oh Yeah! Great Job, you got it right! Exclamatory sentences have a lot of excitement and emotion behind them and always ends in an exclamation point. Declarative sentences state a fact. This one is tricky, although this could be a declarative sentence we must assume that some one talking about their birthday is excited. Also, look at the end punctuation.
39. Sorry =( This was a tricky one! This one is tricky, although this could be a declarative sentence we must assume that some one talking about their birthday is excited. Also, look at the end punctuation. Great try though!
40. Great Job! You’re right! This is a declarative sentence. It states something factual and always ends in a period.
41. Almost! You almost had it! Good try! Declarative sentences always end in a period and state something factual. Interrogative sentences ask a question and end in a question mark.
42. Colon and Semi-colon Practice Click on the sentence that incorrectly uses the colon or semi-colon. Susie has many great qualities: caring, loving, and genuine. Susie is: caring, loving and genuine.
43. Great Job Awesome! You got it right! You got it right! This sentence correctly uses the colon because the clause before the colon is a complete sentence on its own.
44. Uh oh Good try! This sentence does not use the colon correctly because the clause before the colon is not a complete sentence on its own.
45. Semi-colon Practice You can capitalize the first letter of the first word after a colon as long as you keep It consistent though out a paper or document. True False
46. Woo Woo Great Job This statement is true. You can capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon as long as it consistently capitalized through out the entire document or paper.
47. Uh - Oh Whoops, you almost had it! This statement is actually true, as long as it is consistent, the letter can be capitalized after the colon.
48. Semi-colon Practice Click on the sentence that correctly uses the semi-colon. Sarah is a great gymnast; she has 3 gold medals. Lauren; is a great dancer; she has danced for the queen. Click here to pick another topic to practice.
49. Yay! Awesome! You did a great job! This sentence uses the semi-colon correctly by adding to the clause in front of the semi-colon.
50. Almost Sorry, almost! You almost had it, The second semi-colon is placed in the right place. Unfortunately, the comma after the name Lauren is not needed. Good try though!
51. End You’ve done a great job practicing grammar rules through out this presentation. If you need any more help feel free to go back through the presentation and practice even more!
52. References http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_overvw.html http://chuma.cas.usf.edu/~olson/pms/semicolon.html http://www.englishchick.com/grammar/grpunc.htm http://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/how-to-punctuate-a-sentence.html http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_comma.html Click here to start over!