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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). A Brief Bio…. Born into a poor Jewish Austrian family Initially studied to become a doctor Believed mental illness did not originate from a purely physical cause Smoked over 20 cigars per day Fled the Nazis in 1938 Lost 3 sisters in the Holocaust.

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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

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  1. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

  2. A Brief Bio… • Born into a poor Jewish Austrian family • Initially studied to become a doctor • Believed mental illness did not originate from a purely physical cause • Smoked over 20 cigars per day • Fled the Nazis in 1938 • Lost 3 sisters in the Holocaust

  3. Early Influences on Freud Jean Charcot (1825-1893) • Hypnotism Josef Breuer (1842-1925) • Significance of repressed events • Anna O. • “Talking Cure”

  4. The Mind According to Freud

  5. Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) Libido (Psychic/Sexual Energy)

  6. Three Parts of the Mind Id Ego Superego

  7. The Id Basic drives (life/sexual and death/aggressive) • No sense of fear, morality, or good/evil • Only sees the self—no awareness of others • The pleasure principle • Eros • Thanatos • Repetition Compulsion

  8. The Ego -The mediator between Id and the demands of society • Formed by the experience of pain—defends the Id • Does not exist to punish the Id—exists to fulfill the Id’s desires in socially acceptable ways • The Reality Principle -Censors painful feelings from reaching consciousness

  9. The Superego The conscience • Judges the Id and is responsible for guilt, pride, and satisfaction • Represents morality and parental authority

  10. Psycho-Sexual Stages of Development According to Freud • Stages shape the adult personality • Frustration or fixation in a particular stage leads to issues later in life

  11. The Oral Stage: Birth-1 year old Sexual pleasure centers around the mouth • i.e., breast feeding

  12. The Anal Stage: 2-3 years old • Sexual pleasure centers around defecation and the anus • i.e., toilet training

  13. The Phallic Stage: 4-5 years old [different for boys and girls] Boys: • Oedipus Complex • Castration Complex • In “healthy” boys, the conflict with the father is resolved

  14. The Phallic Stage: 4-5 years old Girls • The Electra Complex • “Penis Envy” • Girls cannot have a castration complex, and thus can never resolve their Electra Complex • This explains their “natural” passive, defensive role • Having a baby satisfies penis envy

  15. The Latent Stage: 6-12 years old • Sexual feelings developed in the first three stages are repressed

  16. The Genital Stage: Adolescence • See: your peers….

  17. Freud’s Methodology -Repressed sexual desires are the key to the personality

  18. More Methodology… -Free association -Transference -Dreams

  19. The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) • The Censor • Displacement • Condensation • Symbolization • Projection

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