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FUNGI

FUNGI. YOU MUST KNOW…. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF FUNGI IN MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS, AND AS DECOMPOSERS AND PARASITIC PLANT PATHOGENS. WHAT IS MYCORRHIZAL?.

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FUNGI

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  1. FUNGI

  2. YOU MUST KNOW… • THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI • IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF FUNGI IN MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS, AND AS DECOMPOSERS AND PARASITIC PLANT PATHOGENS

  3. WHAT IS MYCORRHIZAL? • A symbiotic (generally mutualistic, but occasionally weakly pathogenic) association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant.

  4. CONCEPT 31.1 • FUNGI ARE HETEROTROPHS THAT FEED BY ABSORPTION

  5. EUKARYOTES • MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS THAT OBTAIN NUTRIENTS BY ABSORPTION • SECRETE HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES, DIGEST FOOD OUTSIDE THEIR BODIES, AND ABSORB THE SMALL MOLECULES

  6. CELL WALLS MADE OF CHITIN • BODIES ARE COMPOSED OF FILAMENTS CALLED HYPHAE THAT ARE ENTWINED TO FORM THE MYCELIUM • HYPHAE ARE DIVIDED INTO CELLS BY SEPTA • REPRODUCE BY SPORES • NUTRITION MODES INCLUDE DECOMPOSERS, PARASITES, AND MUTUALISTS

  7. CONCEPT 31.4 • FUNGI HAVE RADIATED INTO A DIVERSE SET OF LINEAGES

  8. FUNGI – 5 PHYLA • ASCOMYCOTA (SAC FUNGI) – PRODUCE SEXUAL SPORES IN SAC-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED ASCI – INCLUDE YEASTS AND SORDARIA • BASIDIOMYCOTA (CLUB FUNGI) – INCLUDE MUSHROOMS- IMPORTANT DECOMPOSERS • DUETEROMYCOTES – ASEXUAL, QUICK GROWING FUNGUS (MOLDS) • MYCOPHYCOTA • ZYGOMYCOTA (ZYGOTE FUNGI) – TERRESTRIAL – PARASITES, COMMENSAL SYMBIONTS

  9. EXAMPLES Ascomycota – Yeasts, powdery mildews, blue-green molds, morels, truffles Basidiomycota – Mushrooms, smuts, rusts, jelly fungi, puffballs, stinkhorns Deuteromycota – Imperfect Fungi (parasites that cause diseases of plants and animals) Mycophycota - Lichen Zygomycota – Bread mold

  10. CONCEPT 31.5 • FUNGI PLAY KEY ROLES IN NUTRIENT CYCLING, ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS, AND HUMAN WELFARE

  11. IMPORTANT DECOMPOSERS OF ORGANIC MATERIAL INCLUDING CELLULOSE AND LIGNIN • MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT ROOTS AND IMPROVES THE DELIVERY OF MINERALS TO THE PLANT (MUTUALISM) • LICHENS – SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROORGANISMS (ALGAE) EMBEDDED IN A NETWORK OF FUNGAL HYPHAE • 30% OF FUNGI ARE PARASITES

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