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The Restoration of the Old Order

The Restoration of the Old Order. The Post-Napoleonic Settlement. First Treaty of Paris, May 1814. Bourbons restored to the throne of France In the form of Louis XVIII. 2. France made to give-up all of its Conquests after 1792. 3. France regained most of its overseas

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The Restoration of the Old Order

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  1. The Restoration of the Old Order The Post-Napoleonic Settlement

  2. First Treaty of Paris, May 1814 • Bourbons restored to the throne of France • In the form of Louis XVIII 2. France made to give-up all of its Conquests after 1792 3. France regained most of its overseas Colonies lost in the wars. 4. France was not required to pay an Indemnity. Louis XVIII

  3. The Hundred Days Return Rule Waterloo Exile The Allies again send Napoleon into exile, this time on St. Helena in the South Atlantic He dies there in 1821. Napoleon leaves Elba & lands in Southern France on March 1 1815. The Army rallies around him. March 20th he enters Paris in triumph. Louis XVIII flees France to save himself. Napoleon promises new progressive reforms and not to return to conquests. Allies don’t believe him and begin to move against him. Napoleon decides to attack the allies in Belgium. The British under Wellington & the Prussians under Blucher defeat Napoleon at Waterloo on June 18, 1815.

  4. The Congress of Vienna Congress met from September 1814 to June 1815. Great powers (Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria, and France) dominated the proceedings. Goals: • Prevent France from pursuing • further wars of aggression 2. Restore a balance of power in Europe with equality among states 3. Principle of Legitimacy – return To pre-revolution status quo. 4. Allies were to be rewarded for Victory and those defeated had To be punished.

  5. Statesmen at the Congress • Prince Klemens von Metternich • - Austria’s foreign minister • - Strong conservative advocate. 2. Viscount Castlereagh of Britain - Supported Metternich 3. Tsar Alexander I of Russia - Agreed with allies, pushed for control of Poland 4. Prince Karl von Hardenberg - Represented Prussia 5. Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand - Represented France Metternich

  6. Agreements • Principle of Legitimacy upheld. • - Bourbons returned to power. 2. Holy Roman Empire was not Recreated – German Confederation 3. Britain and Austria oppose the Plan proposed by Prussia & Russia Over Poland and Saxony. 4. Russia and Prussia back down Each gets smaller amount of land.

  7. Territorial Settlement Russia Prussia Austria Britain Russia gained land in Poland and retained Finland Acquired 2/5 of Saxony and territory in the Rhineland Lost Belgium to the Netherlands, gained land in Italy Acquired Cape Colony, Ceylon, Trinidad and Tobago and Malta

  8. Second Treaty of Paris • Following Napoleon’s final • defeat the Allies imposed a more • Severe settlementon France 2. France was reduced to the borders of 1790. 3. French required to pay an Indemnity of 700 million francs to Allies. 4. Allies occupied 17 French forts For 5 years.

  9. Europe after Congress of Vienna 1815

  10. The Alliance System • The Holy Alliance • - Russia, Prussia & • Austria allied on • “Christian” Principles Prussia Russia 2. Quadruple Alliance - With the addition of Britain, maintained alliance that fought France Great Britain Concert of Europe Austria 3. Concert of Europe - Designed to maintain the system devised at the Congress of Vienna France

  11. Independence Movements Opposition to the Restored Order Revolts in Spain and Italy for liberal reforms, crushed by French & Austrians Revolt against Turkish rule in Greece – leads to independence in 1829 Belgium received independence from Holland after revolt in 1830. Revolts in Latin America lead to independence of most nations

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