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Energy, Chemical Reactions, and Enzymes

Energy, Chemical Reactions, and Enzymes . Energy. the ability to move or change matter found in many forms can be converted from one form into another. Chemical Reactions. process that changes one set of chemicals into another

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Energy, Chemical Reactions, and Enzymes

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  1. Energy,Chemical Reactions,and Enzymes

  2. Energy • the ability to move or change matter • found in many forms • can be converted from one form into another

  3. Chemical Reactions • process that changes one set of chemicals into another • always involves changes in the chemical bonds that join the atoms in the compounds

  4. Chemical Reactions CO2 + H2O H2CO3 • reactants • substances that enter into a chemical reaction  • found on the left side of the arrow • products • substances produced by the chemical reaction • found on the right side of the arrow carbon dioxide plus water forms carbonic acid

  5. Energy in Reactions • some chemical reactions release energy and others absorb energy • energy changes are an important factor in determining whether a reaction will occur

  6. Exothermic • chemical reaction that releases energy • C → A + B + Energy

  7. Endothermic • chemical reaction that needs to absorb energy to begin • A + B + Energy → C

  8. Energy in Reactions • Label each of the following reactions as either: • Energy-Releasing Reaction or • Energy-Absorbing Reaction (from Holt Biology, pg. 39)

  9. Energy in Reactions

  10. Energy in Reactions

  11. Activation Energy • energy needed to start a chemical reaction • ex: spark plug in an engine Energy-Releasing Reaction Energy-Absorbing Reaction Activation energy Products Activation energy Reactants Reactants Products

  12. Enzymes • substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions • help maintain homeostasis • most enzymes are proteins • do not get used up in a chemical reaction Hydrolysis of Sucrose McGraw - Hill

  13. Enzymes • work only within a certain set of conditions • enzymes are biological catalysts • catalysts • substances that reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction

  14. Enzymes & Activation Energy Activation energy without enzyme Reaction pathway without enzyme Activation energy with enzyme Reactants Reaction pathway with enzyme Products

  15. Enzyme Specificity • enzymes act only on specific substrates • substrate • substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction • substrate = reactants Enzyme Characteristics

  16. Enzyme Specificity • Example • Catalase • enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide catalase hydrogen peroxide  water + oxygen 2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2 • Why is catalase written above the arrow and not included in the reaction?

  17. Active Sites • the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate • enzymes are specific because only its substrate fits into its active site How Enzymes Work McGraw - Hill

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