Developing the Research Problem

1. Developing the Research Problem KNES 510 Research Methods in Kinesiology

2. Finding a Topic • Be aware of research being done in your department by the research faculty (website) • Be alert for controversial issues in your area of interest • Read a review paper • primary source – firsthand source of data in research; the original study • secondary source – source of data in research in which an author has evaluated and summarized previous research

3. Criteria in Selecting aResearch Problem • Is the problem in the realm of research? • Does it interest you? • Is it worthwhile? • Is it feasible? • Is it timely? • Can you attack the problem without prejudice? • Are you prepared in the techniques to address the problem?

4. What’s the Difference?

5. Purposes of the Literature Review • Identify the problem • Develop the hypotheses • Develop the methods

6. Steps in the Literature Search • Write the problem statement • Consult secondary sources • Encyclopedias • Research reviews • Determine descriptors (CV) • Find primary sources using • Indexes and bibliographies • Computer searches • Read and record the literature • Write the literature review

7. Step 1 – The Problem Statement • Specify the research question you are asking • Be complete but concise

8. Step 2 – Consult Secondary Sources • This step is necessary only if you have very limited knowledge of your subject • Encyclopedias – Dated info but provides basic terms, appropriate journals, etc. • Research reviews – written by experts, summarizes current research, provides suggestions for future research

9. Step 3 – Determine Descriptors • Critical Variables • Terms to help locate sources • Too broad – too many results • Too narrow – too few results

10. Where do I Look? • Textbook • Recent articles are best (search reference lists) • Internet • PubMed (Medline) • CSUF Library • Research and information services • Online databases • CINAHL • SPORTDiscus

11. How do I Look? • Peer reviewed journals • No popular magazines • Keywords (and, or, “”) • Authors • Ideas • Professional meetings • Posters, orals and symposia

12. Step 4 – Find Primary Sources • See example using CSUF library website via portal

13. Search the Lit cont… • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi

14. Step 5 – Read and Recordthe Literature(what they did, found & meaning)

15. Methods

16. Instruments

17. Step 6 – Write theLiterature Review • Three components: • Introduction (1-2 pages) • Body (10-15 pages) • Summary and Conclusion (1 page)

18. Citing Your References • For this class, use either American Psychological Association (APA) 5th edition guidelines or AMA journal style (talk to your chair) • Example: Khamoui AV, Brown LE, Nguyen D, Uribe BP, Coburn JW, Noffal, GJ, Tran TT. Relationship between force-time and velocity-time characteristics of dynamic and isometric muscle actions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25(1):198-204, 2011.

19. Reference List • Entries should be arranged in alphabetical order by authors' last names. • Write out the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work. • Capitalize only the first word of a title or subtitle, and any proper names that are part of a title. 1. Celes R, Brown LE, Pereira MCC, Schwartz FP, Junior VAR, Bottaro M. Gender muscle recovery during isokinetic exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 31(12):886-889, 2010. 2. Khamoui AV, Brown LE, Nguyen D, Uribe BP, Coburn JW, Noffal, GJ, Tran TT. Relationship between force-time and velocity-time characteristics of dynamic and isometric muscle actions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25(1):198-204, 2011.

20. Information for Authors • http://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Pages/InstructionsforAuthors.aspx

21. Next Class • Chapter 18 • No abstract due