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Exploring the Gas Giants of Solar System

Dive into the outer planets, primarily made of hydrogen and helium, featuring massive gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn with their unique characteristics, moons, and ring systems.

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Exploring the Gas Giants of Solar System

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The Structure of the Solar System Lesson 2 The Inner Planets Lesson 3The Outer Planets Lesson 4 Dwarf Planets and Other Objects Chapter Wrap-Up NASA/JPL/USGS Chapter Menu

  2. The Outer Planets • How are the outer planets similar? • What are the outer planets made of? Lesson 3 Reading Guide - KC

  3. The Gas Giants • The outer planets, also known as the gas giants, are primarily made of hydrogen and helium. • The outer planets are extremely massive. They apply strong gravitational forces. • The interiors of the outer planets are mainly liquid. • These gas giants generally have gas and liquid layers around a small solid core. Lesson 3-1

  4. The outer planets are large compared to the inner planets. The size of Earth is shown for reference. Earth: NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterJupiter: NASA/JPL/USGSSaturn: NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)Acknowledgment: R.G. French (Wellesley College), J. Cuzzi (NASA/Ames), L. Dones (SwRI), and J.Uranus, Neptune: NASA/JPL Lesson 3-1

  5. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. • Jupiter has a diameter 11 times larger than the diameter of Earth. Lesson 3-2

  6. Jupiter • Jupiter’s atmosphere is about 90 percent hydrogen and 10 percent helium. • The planet itself is about 80 percent hydrogen and 20 percent helium. • Jupiter is a ball of gas swirling around a thick liquid layer that conceals a solid core. Scientists are not certain what makes up the core. Lesson 3-2

  7. Jupiter(cont.) • Jupiter has at least 63 moons, more than any other planet. • The four largest moons of Jupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—are known as the Galilean moons. • The Galilean moons are made of rock and ice. Lesson 3-2

  8. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. It rotates rapidly and has horizontal bands of clouds. Lesson 3-3

  9. Saturn • Saturn is mostly hydrogen and helium. • Saturn has an outer gas layer, a thick layer of liquid hydrogen, and a solid core. • Saturn has seven bands of rings, each containing thousands of narrower ringlets. Lesson 3-3

  10. Saturn has at least 60 moons. Titan is the only moon in the solar system with a dense atmosphere. Cassini, Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, Tethys: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute Lesson 3-3

  11. Saturn(cont.) titan from Green titan, means “member of a mythological race of giants” Lesson 3-3

  12. Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun, with a system of narrow, dark rings and a diameter about four times that of Earth. NASA/ESA and Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona Lesson 3-4

  13. Uranus • Uranus has a deep atmosphere composed mostly of hydrogen and helium and a small amount of methane. • Beneath Uranus’s atmosphere is a thick, slushy layer of water, ammonia, and other materials. • Uranus has a tilted axis or rotation that might have been caused by a collision with an Earth-sized object. Lesson 3-4

  14. Uranus(cont.) Uranus has at least 27 moons. Lesson 3-4

  15. Like Uranus, Neptune’s atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium, with a trace of methane. NASA/JPL Lesson 3-5

  16. Neptune • Neptune’s interior is also like Uranus’s, made of partially frozen water and ammonia with a rock and iron core. • Neptune has at least 13 moons and a faint, dark ring system. Lesson 3-5

  17. All of the outer planets are primarily made of materials that are gases on Earth. Colorful clouds of gas cover Saturn and Jupiter. Earth: NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterJupiter: NASA/JPL/USGSSaturn: NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)Acknowledgment: R.G. French (Wellesley College), J. Cuzzi (NASA/Ames), L. Dones (SwRI), and J.Uranus, Neptune: NASA/JPL Lesson 3 - VS

  18. Jupiter is the largest outer planet. Its four largest moons are known as the Galilean moons. NASA/JPL/USGS Lesson 3 - VS

  19. Uranus has an unusual tilt, possibly due to a collision with a large object. NASA/ESA and Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona Lesson 3 - VS

  20. The outer planets are primarily made of what? A.oxygen B. methane C. hydrogen and helium D. carbon dioxide Lesson 3 – LR1

  21. What are Jupiter’s Galilean moons made of? A. rock and ice B. hydrogen and helium C. gas D.carbon dioxide Lesson 3 – LR2

  22. Which planet is the seventh from the Sun and has a system of narrow, dark rings? A.Jupiter B.Neptune C.Saturn D.Uranus Lesson 3 – LR3

  23. Do you agree or disagree? 5. The outer planets also are called the gas giants. 6. The atmospheres of Saturn and Jupiter are mainly water vapor. Lesson 3 - Now

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