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Bonding in Minerals

2. Types of Bonds. IntramolecularIonicCovalentMetallicIntermolecularHydrogenVan der Waals. 3. Definition of Bonding. A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms brought about by:A sharing of electrons between to atoms or,A complete transfer of electronsWhen a chemical bond is formed, ene

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Bonding in Minerals

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    1. 1 Bonding in Minerals The Glue That Holds Minerals Together GLY 4200 �Fall, 2011

    2. 2 Types of Bonds Intramolecular Ionic Covalent Metallic Intermolecular Hydrogen Van der Waals

    3. 3 Definition of Bonding A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms brought about by: A sharing of electrons between to atoms or, A complete transfer of electrons When a chemical bond is formed, energy is released Breaking chemical bonds requires energy

    4. 4 Substances Formed by Bonding When two or more atoms of the same element bond together, a molecule is formed � example, hydrogen H2 When 2 or more atoms of different elements combine together chemically, a compound is formed � example, water H2O Most minerals are compounds

    5. 5 Ionic Bonding Ionic bonding is the result of electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions Positive ions are formed from metals (usually) and negative ions are usually formed from non-metals

    6. 6 Halite Halite, NaCl, is a classical example of an ionically bonded substance The sodium donates an electron to chlorine to complete the eight-electron subshell on chlorine

    7. 7 Physical Properties of Ionically Bonded Crystals Ionic bonding is non-directional Ionically bonded minerals may yield ions to solution Moderate hardness Fairly high to very high melting points & boiling points Poor thermal & electrical conductors except near the melting points

    8. 8 Polarization Polarity is the distortion of the electron cloud of one atom by another. A standard example is often hydrogen chloride (HCl)

    9. 9 Does Size Affect Polarizing Power? Yes, and so does electronegativity The greater the electronegativity, the greater the polarizing power So for hydrogen halogen compounds:

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