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How Deaf People Communicate

How Deaf People Communicate. MANUALISM Visual communication systems Accepts Deaf people as visual communicators. ORALISM Deaf people should communicate like Hearing people Uses speech, lipreading, and amplification No signs, fingerspelling, or gestures permitted. 2 Schools of Thought.

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How Deaf People Communicate

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  1. How Deaf People Communicate

  2. MANUALISM Visual communication systems Accepts Deaf people as visual communicators ORALISM Deaf people should communicate like Hearing people Uses speech, lipreading, and amplification No signs, fingerspelling, or gestures permitted 2 Schools of Thought

  3. FACIAL EXPRESSION Used with oralism Is a critical part of manualism Part of grammatical rules in ASL GESTURES Not a language – but can convey meaning Used in manualism Non-language Communication

  4. Which school of thought? Oralism What is it? Watch speakers face to understand language. Follows English word order and grammar PROBLEMS 30% of English visible on the lips People do not speak clearly Face must be well lighted and fully visible One must know English LIPREADING/ SPEECHREADING

  5. CUED SPEECH • Which school of thought? Oralism What is it? 8 specific handshapes and 6 postitions on the face to help lipreading. It follows English word order

  6. Problems with Cued Speech Is an Oral system Must Know English Very Few Hearing or Deaf People Know It

  7. Which school of thought? Manualism What is it? 22 handshapes + 2 movements = the alphabet Problems? Must be able to spell FINGERSPELLING

  8. Rochester Method • What is it? • Uses speech and amplification and fingerspelling to help with lipreading • Uses English language structure • Which school of thought? Oralism but uses visual clues Problems? Requires intense concentration Must be able to spell and use English

  9. Which school of thought? Manualism What is it? A separate language-completely visual Has own grammar and rules Used by most culturally Deaf people Not iconic Deaf people-created Problems Not everyone knows it Must accept Deaf people as Deaf It is not English-the dominant language AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE

  10. Which School of Thought? Manualism What is It? A system of signs to show “English on the hands” Follows English Language structure with all endings Problems Few people use it well Makes changes to ASL which many Deaf people do not like SIGNED ENGLISH

  11. ARE SIGNS THE SAME EVERYWHERE ??? “A” “B” • No • Each country has own sign language • There are also “regional signs”

  12. What is an Interpreter? • A person who knows 2 languages and has skills to assist people who only know 1 language. • Problems • 3rd person in conversation • How to find? • Cost • May not be available in an emergency

  13. Technology Used to Communicate(just 2 – you will learn much more!) • TTY (TDD) • CLOSED CAPTIONS • Problems with TTD? • Special equipment • Must read English • Be able to type

  14. Writing- using paper and pencil to communicate • Problems • Slow • Who carries these all the time? • Requires strong English background

  15. Total Communication • A PHILOSOPHY that allows Deaf people to communicate using ANY method that is comfortable for them- without the label of the “right” or “wrong” way

  16. Meeting Deaf PeopleTips for Communication • Face visible and well lighted • Make sure Deaf person is watching you • No gum/ don’t cover mouth • Don’t exaggerate mouth movements • Use gestures/ facial expressions • Be patient • Be yourself

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