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The Hereditary Material

The Hereditary Material. Chromosomes consist of both DNA and Protein DNA was discovered before its role in heredity was understood People had a sense that chromosomes embodied inheritance before they understood that DNA was the hereditary material

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The Hereditary Material

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  1. The Hereditary Material • Chromosomes consist of both DNA and Protein • DNA was discovered before its role in heredity was understood • People had a sense that chromosomes embodied inheritance before they understood that DNA was the hereditary material • People did not want to believe that DNA was the hereditary material since it is not complex enough • Instead, people believed that proteins must be the hereditary material—they were wrong • Transformation (I.e., Griffith’s experiment, which is mediated by DNA) was discovered before it was understood that it was mediated by DNA

  2. Griffith’s Experiment (1928)

  3. Avery, MacLeod, McCarty (1944) Hi, I’m Oswald Avery. I figured out that the transforming principle is DNA! Discovery that DNA was the Transforming Principle

  4. Avery, MacLeod, McCarty (1944) Hi, I’m Colin M. MacLeod Hi, I’m Theodosius Dobzhanky. I wrote: “Genetics and the Origin of Species” (1937) Hi, I’m Maclyn McCarty Colin M. MacLeod, Maclyn McCarty, Detlev Wulf Bronk, Theodosius Dobzhansky, and Wendell M. Stanley Hi, I’m Detley Wulf Bronk. I asked, “Are aliens living among us” ??? Hi, I’m Wendell M. Stanley. I crystalized (and then X-rayed) tobacco mosaic virus!

  5. Chargaff’s Rule (1950)

  6. Hershey’s Experiment (1952)

  7. Rosalind Franklin (1952/3???) Who was working for/with (against?) Maurice Wilkins

  8. Watson & Crick (1953)

  9. Structure of DNA

  10. Structure of Double Helix

  11. Nucleotide Sequence 5’ end 1 TTGGCGCaCC TATATATCTT TTCGCCCTCT GAtATTCTGT TGGGTGTTCT 51 AGATCGCTTG TTCAAAGATA ACGCTACCGG GAAGGTTCTT GCTTCCCGGG 101 TAGCTGTCGT AATTCTTTTG TTTATAATGG CGATTGTTTG GTATAGGGGA 151 GATAGTTTNT TTGAGTACTA TAAGCAATCA AAGTATGAAA CATACAGTGA 201 AATTATTGAA AAGGAAAGAA CTGCACGCTT TGAATCTGTC ATCCTGGAAC 251 AACTCCAGAT AGTTCATATA TCATCTGAGG CAGACTTTAG TGCGGTGTAT 301 TCTTTCCGCC CTAAAAACTT AAACTATTTT GTTGATATTA TAGCATACGA 351 AGGAAAATTA CCTTCAACGA TAAGTGAAAA ATCACTTGGA GGATATCCTG 401 TTGATAAAAC TATGGATGAA TATGCAGTTC ATTTAAATGG ACGTCATTAT 451 TATTCCAGCT CAAAATTTGC TTTTTTGCCA ACTAAAAAGC CTACTCCCGA 501 AATAAACTAC ATGTACAGTT GTCCATATTT TAATTNGGAT AATATCTATG 551 CTGGAACAAT AACCATGTAC TGGTATAGAA ATGATCATAT AAGTAATGAC 601 CGCCTTGAAT CAATATGTTC TCAGGCGGCC AGAATATTAG GANGGGCTAA 651 ATAATTATTT GTTTGTATAC ATCTCTAGAT ATCGATATAC ACCCNTCAAA 3’ end This is the sequence of gene t from bacteriophage T2

  12. DNA Replication Hypotheses

  13. Meselson-Stahl Experiment (1957)

  14. Semiconservative DNA Replication

  15. DNA Replication Enzymes

  16. Origin(s) of Replication

  17. 3’ OH Nucleotide Addition

  18. 3’ OH 5’ C Nucleotide Addition

  19. Priming Nucleotide Addition DNA Polymerase Requirement for 3’ OH

  20. Leading vs. Lagging Strands

  21. Ligation

  22. DNA Replication Enzymes

  23. The Replication Fork

  24. More Replication Forks

  25. Proofreading

  26. The Problem of Ends

  27. A Solution: Telomeres

  28. Central Dogma Preview

  29. Link to Next Presentation

  30. Acknowledgements http://207.233.44.253/wms/reynolmj/lifesciences/lecturenote/bio3/Chap10.ppt http://www.bbchs.k12.il.us/Teacher_Pages/Hammond/Powerpoint/Chapter_16.ppt

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