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ART AND THE AP EXAM. THE RENAISSANCE. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE. Perspective Geometric structure Humanism Individualism Individual artists Portraits Private patrons Tension between religious and secular Landscapes Classic Themes in painting, sculpture, architecture
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ITALIAN RENAISSANCE • Perspective • Geometric structure • Humanism • Individualism • Individual artists • Portraits • Private patrons • Tension between religious and secular • Landscapes • Classic Themes in painting, sculpture, architecture • Influence of Greece and Rome • Religious Themes (often painted in Renaissance time)
Arnolfini Marriage: Portrait—Marriage Contract—Signs he was a businessmanPresence of artist in mirror—Dog=fidelity
THE BAROQUE The Renaissance continues Add: Art of Counter Reformation Art of Spain Passion Classic Themes Velasquez El Greco
HOW DOES “THE CREATION” EMBODY HUMANISM, IDEAS OF FREE WILL AND RELIGIOUS THEMES?
ART OF THE NETHERLANDS17th CENTURY • Smaller houses=smaller pictures • Scenes of everyday life with a message • The fragility of life in the Netherlands (Low Lands • Historical paintings, portraits • Rembrandt, Vermeer • Renaissance themes and values
THE NIGHT WATCH1642REMBRANDTON GUARD AGAINST THE ENEMYWHO WOULD THAT BE IN 1642
REMBRANDT: ARISTOTLE CONTEMPLATING THE BUST OF HOMER?WHAT RENAISSANCE-HUMANISTIC VALUES ARE REFLECTED HERE
VERMEER: DELFTWHAT DOES THIS TELL US ABOUT LIFE IN 17th c. NETHERLANDS?
VERMEER: ASTRONOMER AND GEOGRAPHERWHAT DOES THIS SAY ABOUT 17th c. DUTCH?5
MEANWHILE—IN FRANCE AND ELSEWHEREPETER PAUL RUBENSGIVES THE “NEW MONARCHS”THE LOOK THEY LIKE
Caravaggio teaches us about light/dark and contrastSUPPER AT EMMANUS
THE HALL OF MIRRORS REFLECTED WHOSE IMAGEHOW DOES THIS PLAY INTO ABSOLUTISM?
LOUIS XIV and the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONSCIENCE and STATE BUILDING
ART OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY • GENRE PAINTINGS • Continuing the Dutch idea of painting everyday life • Art of the Enlightenment-the values of the Enlightenment • Return to classical (Greco-Roman) themes
DAVID: OATH OF THE HORATIIHow did this picture reflect the ideals and problems of France in 1784Clue: Concept of dying for Republic
ROMANTICISMlate 18th and most f 19th depending where you wereReaction to Age of Reason
19th C. ROMANTICISM • Emotion rules over reason • Fascination with middle ages • Nature as “natural” • Beginnings resistance to Renaissance rules of perspective • Man in nature • Fascination with “things oriental” (inspired by Napoleon in Egypt and later, especially when France takes over North Africa • Mixes in with nationalism, realism
ARTISTS AND OTHERS • Art: INGRES, DELACROIX, GERICAULT,COURBET (realistic), FRIEDRICH, TURNER, CONSTABLE
Massacre at Chios Europeans Support the Revolution in GreeceShows weakness of Metternich system. HOW?
IMPRESSIONISM • Influence of photography—capturing a moment in time • Light as a subject of art (long influential but perhaps never a subject on its own) • Breakdown of traditional ideas of perspective • Parallels the French Rev and Industrial Rev and breakdown of tradition structures as they are replaced by new ones
IMPRESSIONISM continued • Subjects are “real” places/people in “real” time; Scenes are often in the countryside but more often than not are records of ‘city life” • Short lived but influential; gives rise to many other movements and finally modern art • Important artists: Manet, Monet,Morisot (woman); Degas, Lautrec
MONETGare St. LazareHow did the steam engine and railways change European life in the late 19th century (post 1860)
HOW DOES THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CHANGE THE LANDSCAPE?Painting by MONET