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Iran

Iran . Containment, Nation-building, and a little bit of why they hate us. Culture. Muslim but NOT Arabic Culturally Persian Speak Farsi 1906- Had first democratic revolution in Asia Led to a constitutional monarchy. Modernization. 1908- Oil discovered with the help of British

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Iran

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  1. Iran Containment, Nation-building, and a little bit of why they hate us.

  2. Culture • Muslim but NOT Arabic • Culturally Persian • Speak Farsi • 1906- Had first democratic revolution in Asia • Led to a constitutional monarchy

  3. Modernization • 1908- Oil discovered with the help of British • British had a deal in place where they get 85% of profits • 1925- Army officer Reza Khan seizes power and declares himself Shah (King) • most were nomadic herders or farmers • opens schools, builds roads/railroads, encouraged industry and gave more rights to women • His son continued modernization

  4. Conflict with Britain • PM Mossedegh wants to nationalize the oil industry • Wants a better deal from British (15%-> 50%) • UK refuses; begins an embargo (ban) on Iran. • Won’t sell sugar, steel, etc • Oil Technicians won’t work with them • Navy blockades export cities • Nation goes bankrupt

  5. Coup d’etat • Pres. Truman refused, but Pres. Eisenhower agreed • CIA working with MI6. • Hired thugs to pose as Communists and start trouble • Hired 2nd group to protest against 1st group. • Bribed officials • Rigged elections in rural areas

  6. Aftermath • Gen. Zahedi made Prime Minister • As payment, British monopoly on Iranian oil is ended • 5 U.S. companies move in • Economy does improve-Shah calls this a victory • U.S. agrees to fight Communist rebels • First time U.S. overthrows a democratic, civil government

  7. Motives • Not Oil. U.S. had many sources • Did NOT want other places to start thinking about nationalizing oil, though. • Didn’t want Soviets to get the oil • Red Menace is everywhere • China is now communist • Fighting North Korea • ‘49 – USSR successfully tests atomic bomb • Britain is helping U.S. in Korea, had to help them in Iran

  8. The Long View • Overthrows elected gov’t of Guatemala next year • Iranians don’t see U.S. as supporters of freedom – just as bad as British • Shah is “U.S. puppet” • Authoritarian and repressive • In ‘79 the “pro-western” Shah would be overthrown and replaced by “anti-western” Islamic Republic

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