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Urban Problems in Developed World

Urban Problems in Developed World Traffic issues : Roads influence land zoning, & affect the shape & direction of urban expansion. 3 main factors influencing traffic movt & congestion are: *Street pattern *Pattern of traffic movt *Traffic control Street Pattern : Unplanned streets:

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Urban Problems in Developed World

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  1. Urban Problems in Developed World Traffic issues: Roads influence land zoning, & affect the shape & direction of urban expansion. 3 main factors influencing traffic movt & congestion are: *Street pattern *Pattern of traffic movt *Traffic control Street Pattern: Unplanned streets: Older parts of cities street narrow, unplanned & winding. Problem with on street parking & footpaths..E.g. Wexford. Unplanned older streets meet at irregular angles… problem for heavy traffic turning corners. Off street parking & multi-storey car parks reduces congestion. One way system required. Street parking on one side only.

  2. Planned Streets: Planned rectangular form….grid pattern E.g. Limerick. Wide streets, allows for on street parking & easy one way flow system. Patterns of movement: 2 main categories A Traffic into & within CBD & suburban downtowns B. Traffic within & between suburbs. A (above) is usually to work & school…. rush hour traffic, morning & evening…. extreme congestion… traffic jams. Added to by urban sprawl & car ownership. B (above) is movt from home to suburban downtowns & leisure centres/schools. Weekend movt often from cities to suburbs or to rural areas & leisure activities.

  3. New motorways & ring roads improve traffic movt. Public transport by bus, DART & LUAS & new port tunnel help to ease traffic congestion. Traffic control: Multi-storey parking, widen streets (urban renewal), parking zones(disc & meter), one way streets, restricted turns off roads, clearways & video camera monitoring with computerised traffic lights. Ring roads keep traffic from CBD, flyovers & river tunnels help avoid delays. E.g. Cork Dev. n efficient integrated public transport system with bus lanes & rail links.

  4. Dublin Traffic : Case Study 1999-2000 a 43% increase in cars on the road…up 160,000. Travel time increased & 80% of cars have only one person. Road transport: Public service vehicles = 2% as opposed to 79% cars. Promotion of walking, cycling & use of DART, LUAS & bus. Quality bus corridors (QBC’s) & dev. airport link. Congestion costing €500m per year. National roads authority responsible for road management. Involves public/private partnership. Toll charges to recoup dev. costs

  5. Dublin Transport office (DTO) set up in 1995…. aim of strategic land use & plan traffic flow. • Found growth in car ownership, number of households & pop meant transport projections were outdated. • Result was huge increase in traffic volumes. • DTO aims • to reduce growth in travel from private to public transport • Integrated transport system reached by walking max of ten mins. • Traffic & parking policies which restrict use of private cars • Improve freight transport to ports & airport. • Good quality cycle & pedestrian facilities. • Expand the M50

  6. 2.Expand public transport network & strategic road dev. • Quality Bus Corridors • DART & suburban rail links • Luas • A Metro • Park & Ride facilities • Quality cycle routes. • Four strategic corridors of national primary roads (motorway) to link Dublin to Cork, Sligo, Limerick, Belfast & Waterford…. Set up under National Roads Authority.

  7. Urban Planning & Renewal Limerick city: Limerick Corporation’s strategic dev. Plan…. Transport management: aimed to integrate transport needs in the city Built 2 new bridges, Shannon & Abbey… part of northern ring road to connect Ennis & Dublin road. Completed a southern ring road to serve sth west. Completed an inner and outer ring road for the city. Built 5 new multi-storey car parks… reduce on street parking Introduced disc parking & mobile top up parking. Computerised traffic lights system to aid flow of traffic. Introduced cycle paths and new bus lanes. One way systems and pedestrianised streets for safety.

  8. Paris : Case study Transport: efficient underground rail service (metro), integrated with RER & TGV. Planned city with wide streets & a ring road & motorway access ..… capable of handling large volumes. Arc de Triomphe centre of main avenues…. Its roundabout has 12 radiating routes… congestion. Urban decay & redevelopment: Many aging ind. areas with poor overcrowded accomm. Renewal by building social housing La Defense… financial centre an effort to renew the city… attract workers, residents & create jobs. 8 new suburban downtowns dev. … create employ, new housing & reduce commuter traffic. E.g.. Les Halles

  9. 6 new towns dev. outside city… attract pop away from city. E.g. Marne-le-Valee 8 growth centres selected to reduce dominance of Paris, with road & rail links to each one.

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