New England Roofing Industry Partnership

1. New England Roofing Industry Partnership Materials Handling, Rigging, & Cranes

2. SUBPARTS Materials Handling,Rigging & Cranes 1 H,N,O Training Objectives • After completing this unit, you will: • Know the basic OSHA requirements for the storage and disposal of materials. • Know hazards in both mechanical and manual material handling. • Understand hazards of rigging and crane operations and how to minimize them. • Be aware of proper lifting techniques.

3. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 2 H,N,O References • 29 CFR 1926.250; Subpart H, Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal • 29CFR1926.500, Subpart N – Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors • 29CFR1926.600, Subpart O – Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations • ANSI and ASME Standards

4. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 3 H,N,O Materials Handling Dangers • Unsafe storage and materials movement can lead to: • Back injuries (the number one cause of worker compensation claims). • Struck-by or crushed by falling loads due to rigging failures. • Electrocutions due to power line contact. • Injury from falling materials. • Injury from slipping, tripping and falling.

5. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 4 H, N, O Moving Materials by Hand: Back Facts • 8 out of 10 Americans will have a back injury during their life. • Approximately 1 out of 3 injuries at work are back injuries. • Personal pain and inconvenience can not be measured. • Back injuries cost employers an estimated 10 billion dollars each year!

6. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 5 H, N, O Preventing Back Injuries • You can avoid back injuries by: • Using mechanical aids. • Using proper lifting techniques. • Keeping in lifting shape. • Working as a teamwhen lifting. • Knowing the truth about back belts.

7. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 6 H, N, O Proper Lifting Technique • Basic moves of a proper lift: • Plan your lift. • Use a wide-balanced stance. • Get close to the load and keep it close to your body. • Tighten your stomach muscles. • Keep your back straight and use your legs. • Turn with with your feet don’t twist your back. • Avoid lifting above shoulder height.

8. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 7 H, N, O A Proper Lift

9. SUBPART Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 8 H,N,O Keeping in Lifting Shape • Keeping your stomach and back muscles strong can help prevent back injuries. • Even if you don’t work out in a gym, you can prevent back injuries. • Strength and flexibility exercises should be done at least every other day.

10. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 9 H, N, O For Strength and Flexibility

11. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 10 H,N,O Mechanical Aids • Use hand trucks, dollies, carts, wheel barrows, and wagons whenever possible. • Encourage management to include mechanical aids whenever possible.

12. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 11 H,N,O Mechanical Aids Slab carrying rig here has eliminated bending over and has provided secure non-abrasive hand- holds.

13. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 12 H, N, O Team Lifting • Use team lifting for: • Loads too heavy for one person. • Loads too bulky for one person. • Long loads such as pipes and rolls of material. • Talk to your team-mate! • Coordinate your lift!

14. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 13 H, N, O What About Back Belts? • The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) says: • Back belts may not reduce stress on the back. • May increase blood pressure and heart rate. • May make you think you can lift heavier loads with a belt on and you could get hurt trying to. • If you want to wear a belt; don’t wear it too tight and don’t lift more than you usually would.

15. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 14 H,N, O Material Storage • Five basic rules for safe storage: • Keep total weight within the safe loading limits of the building’s floors. • Keep passageways clear. • Control materials so they do not slide, fall, or collapse. • Provide cribbing for heavy loads on unstable surfaces. • Store materials away from traffic.

16. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 15 H,N,O What Does OSHA Require? • Basic requirements: • Don’t put materials within 10 feet of roof edge. • Don’t store materials on scaffolds or runways. • Keep materials at least 6 feet from floor openings and hoistways. • Keep aisles clear. • Keep work area free from tripping, fire, explosion, pest and vegetation hazards.

17. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 16 H,N,O OSHA Also Requires • Specific requirements: • Stack bagged materials by stepping back the layers and cross-keying the bags at least every 10 bags high. • Stack bricks no higher than 7 feet. • Taper masonry blocks back one-half block per tier for stacks above 6 feet. • Stack lumber on sills and on level solid ground - never exceed 16 feet high and always remove nails!

18. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 17 H,N,O Setting Materials on the Deck What could happen to these stacked materials?

19. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 18 H,N,O Disposal of Waste Material • OSHA requirements: • Scrap lumber, waste and trash must be regularly removed from the work area. • Burning must meet local regulations. • Materials dropped more than 20 feet require a chute. • Solvent waste, oily rags, and flammables must be kept in fire resistant containers until removed. • If the waste is considered hazardous, your employer will have to follow federal, state, and local regulations.

20. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 19 H ,N, O Debris Chutes Objectives in using a chute: material control, dust control and protection of workers and bystanders – note the differences here….

21. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 20 H, N, O Mechanical Materials Handling • Depending on the job, you might use or work around: • Buggies • Roof Hoists • Conveyors • Skid-steers (“Bobcats”) • Rough Terrain Forklifts (“Lulls”) • Cranes

22. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 21 H, N, O Buggies What are the safety concerns while moving materials with these?

23. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 22 H, N, O Mechanical Equipment on Flat Roofs • Will the deck support the weight of the equipment? • Has the equipment been inspected? • Are all equipment guards in place? • Is the operator trained? • See Subpart C - .20(b)(4) • Are all aware that the equipment is not to be operated outside warning lines due to the fall hazard? • See Subpart M - Fall Protection -.502 • Closest approach is 6 feet parallel and 10 feet perpendicular to direction of travel.

24. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 23 H, N, O Roof Hoists What are the manufacturer’s instructions for set up & use? What does OSHA say?

25. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 24 H, N, O Roof Hoist Safety Concerns • .552(a)(1) Compliance with manufacturer’s specifications and limitations. • .552(a)(2) Load capacity, hazard warnings and instructions must be posted. • .552(a)(3)(i-iv) Wire rope replacement criteria. • .552(a)(4) Hoist rope is to be installed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. • .501(b)(3) Fall Protection (Subpart M) in hoist area.

26. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 25 H, N, O Is the Hoist Operator Protected?

27. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 26 H, N, O Using Conveyors to Move Materials

28. SUBPART Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 27 H, N, O Safety Concerns In Conveyor Use • Set up and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions? • Guards in place on pinch points? • Power line clearances maintained? • Maintenance program in place?

29. SUBPART Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 28 H, N, O Safety Concerns In Conveyor Use • No riders on conveyor! • .555(a) Means for stopping motor at operator’s station and start up warning. • .555(a)(5) Protection for workers below against falling objects. • .555(a)(7) Lockout/Tagout for maintenance.

30. SUBPART Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 29 H, N, O Using Conveyors to Move Materials Power line clearance? Back up alarm or signal person? Fall protection for roof workers?

31. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 30 H, N, O Using Skid Steers • If on the roof – will it take the load? • Is the operator qualified? • .20(b)(4) – Again! Training is available from some manufacturers. • Skid Steers are powerful, work in close quarters with people and are very quick, with large areas where the operator cannot see (the “no-zone”). • Is the work area adequately barricaded?

32. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 31 H, N, O Skid Steer Loader What do we need to know about this operator?

33. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 32 H, N, O Operator sight distances from eye level to ground The “NO-ZONE” 11’ 7” Eye level 5 ft - 5 in above ground level 11’ 5” 21’ 8” 4’ 10” 6’ 1” 3’ 1” Vehicle: S-44 Bobcat 6’ 3”

34. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 33 H, N, O Using Forklifts to Move Materials • What do we need to know? • Is the operator trained? • See .602(d) • Has the machine been inspected and properly maintained? • Is the backup alarm audible? • Are ground personnel protected? • Is the balanced load within capacity? • Are workers on roof protected from falls?

35. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 34 H, N, O Getting Materials to the Roof How can we protect against falls in these situations?

36. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 35 H, N, O Using Forklifts What precautions need to be taken around the machine’s operating area?

37. Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes SUBPARTS H, N, O TS 36 N, O Operator sight distances from eye level to ground Eye level 7 ft - 3 in above ground level 85’ 0” 18’ 2” 10’ 9” 7’ 9” 3’ 0” 39’ 0” The “NO-Zone” 21’ 2” 14’ 10” Vehicle: R-14793 High Reach Fork Lift

38. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 37 H, N, O Platforms on Forklifts • If you work off of some attachment it must: • (1) Be secured to forks. (2) Have a guardrail. • (3) Have a Personal Fall Arrest System tie-off. • (4) Used only while the operator is in the seat.

39. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 38 H, N, O Rigging and Crane Safety • Rigging is the lines or cables used to lift and move materials by hoisting with a crane. • A rigger is a skilled mechanic who prepares heavy equipment or loads of material for movement.

40. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 39 H, N, O Examples of Rigging

41. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 40 H, N, O The Hazards of Rigging • Possible contact with power lines. • Rigging failures due to overloaded, improper, or defective rigging. • Out of control loads. • Being struck by the crane’s swing radius.

42. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 41 H, N, O Can Anyone Rig or Lift Loads? • Rigging must be done under the supervision of a Competent Person. • The crane operator must be highly qualified and certified. • Improper rigging or unqualified operators can be deadly!

43. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 42 H, N, O The Rigger’s Duties • The rigger selects the rigging. • The rigger sets-up the rigging. • The rigger directs the lift.

44. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 43 H, N, O OSHA Rigging Requirements • All slings and hardware must be manufactured to meet demanding specifications which include safety factors. • All web or alloy chain slings must be clearly stamped, marked, or labeled, for capacity. • OSHA prohibits job made: slings, hooks, links, and fasteners formed from bolts. • Before each use all components must be inspected by a Competent Person.

45. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 44 H, N, O Safe Working Load (SWL) • The maximum load allowed on rigging is the Safe Working Load (SWL). • The sling may actually be able to hold 5 times the SWL. • A safety factor is the ratio of the ultimate strength to the SWL. • If a rigger exceeds the SWL, then they lose some of the safety factor.

46. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 45 H, N, O Knowing Safe Working Loads

47. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 46 H, N, O Sling Angle • The safest sling angles are greater than 450 from the horizontal.

48. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 47 H, N, O Rigging the Load Sling angles <450, load unstable, worker not protected. Balanced load; sling angle >600

49. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 48 H, N, O Working Safely Around Rigging • General safety practices: • Keep at least ten feet away from power lines up to 50 kV. • Increase power line clearance distance by .4” per kV >50kV • Never hoist loads over workers. • Never stand too close or under a load. • Never ride a load.

50. SUBPARTS Materials Handling, Rigging & Cranes 49 H, N, O Working Safely Around Rigging2 • General safety practices: • Use tag lines to control loads while lifting. • Test lift the rigging. • Use proper equipment, make sure it is marked, not home-made, and in good shape.