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Transboundary Water Cooperation in Kazakhstan and Central Asia

This article discusses the importance of transboundary water cooperation in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, and highlights the value of implementing National Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and Water Efficiency (WE) Plans. It emphasizes the need for improved information and management practices in IWRM and the establishment of River Basin Councils (RBCs) and River Basin Organizations (RBOs) to address water resource challenges. The article also explores initiatives and agreements related to transboundary waters in the region.

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Transboundary Water Cooperation in Kazakhstan and Central Asia

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  1. Kazakhstan and Central AsiaInformation in Transboundary Water Cooperation&The Value of National IWRM & Water Efficiency PlansTim HannanUNDP Water Management AdvisorAlmaty, Kazakhstantim.hannan@undp.org

  2. National IWRM and WE Plans with Reference to Transboundary Water Cooperation IWRM is a new approach with new information and management needs Definition of new needs, approach needs to be determined IWRM needs to be understood and adopted by water managers The goals and aims of IWRM are the same for all countries The information needs are the same for all countries

  3. Initiatives in Monitoring and Information in Kazakhstan Tobol River (Russia, Kazakhstan, Russia) Ural River (Russia, Kazakhstan) Irtysh River (China, Kazakhstan, Russia) Ili River (China, Kazakhstan) Syr Darya, Chu, Talas (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan) Amu Darya (to a lesser extent as an Aral Sea tributary) Recent improvements in monitoring have emphasised and been driven by transboundary issues

  4. Initiatives on Regional Cooperation on Transboundary Waters in Central Asia ICWC (water allocations) IFAS (resources and research for the Aral Sea) 1998 Agreement (water & energy on Syr Darya) CACO (water, energy, transport & food) WEC (combined water & energy) Chu Talas Trans. Water Commission Various annual agreements Kazakhstan signed the Water Convention

  5. Structure of Water Resources Management in Kazakhstan Committee for Water Resources (Ministry of Agriculture) River Basin Organisations (Under CWR) River Basin Councils (now being established) Others – (environment, geology, health, etc.)

  6. Information Issues in Water Resources Management in Kazakhstan (Central Asia) limited understanding of water resources issues and solutions on the part of central governments limited public understanding and participation in water resources management decline in technical skills in the CWR and RBOs limited and difficult coordination and cooperation on information poor water information, including its management and access to it

  7. Other Big Issues in Water Resources Management in Kazakhstan (Central Asia) No organisation has the responsibility to manage river basins, or to manage water quality or river ecology RBOs have lost the skills of full water resources management, including water quality Monitoring of water quality is improving but does not come close to the European approach

  8. Recent Initiatives in Information for Water Resources Management in Kazakhstan River Basin Councils established in law in the 2003 Water Code of Kazakhstan Strategy for the Development of CWR/RBOs was completed in 2004 (partly implemented) Strategy for the Improvement of Water Quality was completed for CWR/RBOs in 2004 (partly implemented)

  9. Recent Initiatives in Information for Water Resources Management in Kazakhstan National Water Information Centre proposed in 2003, 2004, 2005 (not yet implemented) National IWRM and WE Plan being prepared (completed end 2005)

  10. Head of State, Ministers, Various National Level Organisations or Ministries Transboundary Water Analysts and Decision Makers Education system, Public Awareness Initiatives, Others Information Department and Information Portal (CWR) National Water Information Centre (?) RBO RBC RBO RBC RBO RBC RBC RBO RBO RBC RBC RBO RBO RBC RBC RBO Kazakhstan National Water Information Centre Possible Structure River Basin Authority in Neighbouring Transboundary Countries River Basin Authority in Neighbouring Transboundary Countries Various River Basin or Local Administration Level Organisations (SES, Vodkhoz, Vodokanal, Irrigation, Ecology, Geology, WUA, Kazhydromet, Akimat, Others)

  11. Goal: Transboundary Rivers Managed on IWRM Principles (EUWFD) Multilateral & multiobjective agreements on water sharing and water quality improvement for entire river basins Bilateral & single issue agreements on water sharing and water quality improvement with neighbouring countries Improving Monitoring and Information Building Capacity in Water Management Organisations STEP National IWRM & WE Plans Regional Coordination on Specific Issues in Improving Water Management in each Country 2005 2007 2010 2015 2025? Expected Steps in Developing Transboundary Cooperation and Management in Central Asia

  12. Areas of Good Potential for Regional Cooperation on Improving Water Management Water use efficiency Education and training Monitoring and information

  13. Progress on the Kazakhstan National Water Information Centre DPSIR framework to develop information systems at river basin level Training RBO staff in obtaining info, developing data bases (2004 to 2007) Establishing an information portal to link RBOs and CWR and, later RBOs and RBCs Establishing RBCs and working to define their information needs Initial links: RBO RBC RBO CWR National & Transboundary Users

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