Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin?

1. Near what geographic feature did early civilizations begin? What do you think happened after those first civilizations either became bigger or collapsed? Why?

2. Introduction to Unit 3 • What is this a photo of? • Why is this movie titled the way it is? Explain. • How do you think it relates to the civilizations we will be talking about?

3. What is the nickname of New York State? • The Empire State • Why? • In 1784, during a tour of the State's harbors, waterways and fertile interior, George Washington referred to New York as the "Seat of Empire." Since then, New Yorkers have worked ambitiously to live up to the State's motto and to make "The Empire State" the national leader it is today. • What is an empire?

4. Unit 5 Empires 1

5. Map Timeline Important Empires I Muslim Empire Gupta Empire Tang Dynasty Byzantine Empire

6. Europe Asia Africa

7. Golden Age: Time of peace and prosperity

9. GuptaEmpire

10. Geography played a big role in where the Gupta located in India Himalayas blocked travel north and the Ocean stopped travel to the south.

14. Other Contributions of Gupta Empire

15. Medicine • herbal remedies • form of plastic surgery for the treatment of facial injuries.  • vaccinations against smallpox, a practice later used in China (10th century) and Europe (17th century.)

16. Architecture • Hindus built stone temples for various Hindu gods.  • Buddhists built shrines to house the remains of select holy people – called Stupas, which became pagodas in China

17. Literature • fables and folktales written in Sanskrit • stories spread west to Persia, Egypt, and Greece • Through cultural diffusion became the basis for many Islamic literary works • Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves • Aladdin and his Magic Lamp

18. India’s “Golden Age” is said to have been during the Gupta Empire. This may be because the Guptasdeveloped the most important concepts in the field of A.Math B. Medicine C. Politics D. Philosophy

19. The Maurya Empire and the Gupta Empire in India both accomplished this during their success • They both raised the acceptance of Buddhism by the people • They both unified the country of India • They both raised large sums of money to buy more land • Neither Empires were successful The Gupta Empire expanded the Empire through war and latter through diplomacy and marriage. They also increased cultural diffusion and the Indian economy through • Trade with other countries • Small battles at the borders • Religious tolerance • Closed borders

20. What are two geographic facts about India that had a significant affect on its culture? 1. The Alps and the Indian Ocean 2. The Himalaya Mountains and the deserts 3. The Himalaya Mountains and the monsoons 4. The Alps and the deserts

21. GUPTA Location: India • Hinduism and Caste System flourished (became stronger) under Gupta rule Gupta Empire was one of India’s “Golden Ages” Contributions: • Guptas were good at Math, they created • concept of “Zero” • decimal system • numbers we use today – Arabic Numerals (“Arabs” took them and introduced them to the Europeans)

22. Gupta Empire– don’t copy Gupta Dynasty (320 - 550 CE) - lead Golden Age • established a strong central government • allowed a degree of local control • Followed Hindu beliefs  • strict caste system, or class system.  • Had time to pursue scientific and artistic endeavors • Later declined due to weak rulers & a series of invasions

23. Tang Dynasty

25. Tang: Influence on Japan and Korea • Much of Japanese and Korean culture was borrowed from the Chinese during the Tang Dynasty • Buddhism • Confucianism - “5 Relationships” • Writing System • Respect for Nature

26. Tang Influence continued: Silk Road: • Helped the dynasty extend westward • Connected China with western cultures (Muslim and Byzantine Empires)

27. Contributions to our Society • Gunpowder • Porcelain • Compass • Spinning Wheel • Mechanical Clock • Block Printing

28. Other Contributions and Inventions of the Tang Dynasty (approx. 618-907 A. D.) • Tea • Po Chu-i (poet) • Scroll painting • Three Doctrines (Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism) • Gunpowder • Civil Service Exams • Brandy and whiskey • Flame-thrower • Dance and Music

29. Art in Tang Dynasty • Very Rich and Opulent (Wealthy) era in Chinese history • flourishing • Painting, pottery, calligraphy, sculpture, music, dance and literature important • art being appreciated in every day life. • art found in the homes • Art was no longer only appreciated by the church or Royal Family, but was now appreciated by those from all walks of life. • Doctors, lawyers, scholars, craftsman, businessmen and wealthy merchants all afforded themselves works of art.

32. Seated Buddha, Tang dynasty (618–906), ca. 650China Buddhist stele, Tang dynasty (618—906), ca. 700China

33. Night-Shining White, Tang dynasty (618–906), 8th centuryAttributed to Han Gan (Chinese, active 742–56)China

35. Mathematics in Tang Dynasty • Solved cubic equations • Translations of Indian mathematical works. • angle measurement (360 degrees) • table of sines for angles from 0 to 90 degrees in 24 steps (3 3/4 degree) increments. • Hindu decimal numerals also introduced, but not adopted. • Tangent table.

36. Which of the following events took place during the rule of the Tang Dynasty in China: A. China expanded to take over India B. Japan borrowed much of the Chinese cultural ways such as writing and Buddhism C. The Mongols took over China and created the largest land empire ever D. Russia invaded China and forced them to become Communists

37. TANG – don’t copy Location: China Contributions: • first use of paper money • porcelain: hard shiny pottery Japan studied the Tang Dynasty • copied much of the Chinese culture (language, Buddhism, etc.) Silk Road began • trading routes between China and the western lands

38. http://www.silk-road.com/artl/tang.shtml • http://www.metmuseum.org/special/China/golden_age_more.htm • Chinese House - http://www.pem.org/yinyutang/house/base_force.html - modern with some history

39. Byzantine Empire

40. Byzantine: Ties to the Roman Empire How it was created: • It was the eastern half of the old Roman Empire The Byzantine Empire, 527-565 AD [Source: Libyan National Atlas, 1978.]

42. Impact on Russia • Religion: • Eastern Orthodox spread to Russia (known as Russian Orthodox) • no longer Roman Catholic • Trade: Many Byzantine ideas were introduced into Russia through trade. • Cyrillic alphabet • Art work (mosaics) • Religion • Architecture http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/byz_6.html

43. Contributions to our society Justinian’s Code: • The laws of the Byzantine Empire based on the Twelve Tables of Roman law, became a basis for laws in many European nations Art and Architecture: slide show:: http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article5002358.ece • Usually supported the Christian Church Preservers of Greek and Roman culture: • The Byzantine Empire saved the knowledge, art, and ideas of the old Roman and Greek cultures Hagia Sophia Orthodox Church

44. Byzantine Coin http://www.learn.columbia.edu/ha/html/byzantine.html ByzantineVirtual Architecture

45. After the fall of Rome, the eastern half of the empire became known as the: A. Persian Empire B. Byzantine Empire C. Mongol Empire D. Gupta Empire

46. One of the great accomplishments of the Byzantine Empire was: A . the take over of all of the Roman Empire B. the emergence of a merchant middle class C. the domination of trade with the Mongols D. the code of laws created by Emperor Justinian

47. Much of the traditional culture of Russia is linked to which of the following cultures: Byzantine Empire Muslim Empire Tang Dynasty Gupta Empire

48. BYZANTINE Empire Summary Location: “Eastern” half of the old Roman Empire Great Leader: Justinian • created Justinian’s Code - a written set of laws Language: Greek Importance: • preserved old Greek and Roman culture while barbarians destroyed Rome • “in between” invaders from Asia and rest of Europe • spread learning and culture to Russia and influenced Russian life a great deal • http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Byzantium/ • http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/ More Detailed Information about Byzantine

49. Muslim

50. How it Spread • Origins: Out of Mecca, east to India, west across North Africa and on into Spain • Growth: to spread Islam to other people1. Military conquest – took about 100 years to expand most of their empire • They were great fighters, if they died in battle, they believed they would go directly to heaven (Jihad) • They treated conquered people fairly – better than previous rulers • 2. Trade