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The Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle. Click a Process. Interphase (G 1 phase). Interphase consist of three phases, G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase. All these phases prepare the cell for mitosis. Interphase. Interphase consist of three phases, G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase.

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The Cell Cycle

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  1. The Cell Cycle

  2. Click a Process

  3. Interphase (G1 phase) • Interphase consist of three phases, G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase. • All these phases prepare the cell for mitosis.

  4. Interphase • Interphase consist of three phases, G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase. • All these phases prepare the cell for mitosis.

  5. Interphase (G1 phase) • During Interphase a cell is growing and begins preparing for cellular division. • A cell will start the cell cycle during the G1 phase. • When the cell is in this phase, the cell is synthesizing new proteins and organelles.

  6. Interphase (S phase) • During S phase the cells chromosomes are duplicated. • DNA is replicated. • New proteins synthesize to assemble with new DNA to form new chromosomes. • The time to complete S phase varies with different life stages and species.

  7. Interphase (G2 phase) • The G2phase lasts until the cell enters mitosis. • Significant protein synthesis occurs during this phase, mainly involving the production of microtubules, which are required during the process of mitosis. • Inhibition of protein synthesis during G2 phase prevents the cell from undergoing mitosis.

  8. Mitosis Process

  9. Early Prophase • At the onset of prophase, chromatin condenses together into a highly ordered structure called a chromosome. • Since the genetic material has already been duplicated in S phase, the replicated chromosomes have two sister chromatids. • These are bound together at the centromere by the cohesion complex.

  10. Late Prophase • The centrioles move apart along the fibers of the spindle until they reach opposite sides of the cell. • The position of the centrioles at opposite sides of the cell become the sides of the spindle. • Finally, the nuclear membrane starts to break up.

  11. Metaphase • The centromeres of the chromosomes convene along the equatorial plane, an imaginary line that is equidistant from the two centrosome poles. • When there is even alignment of the chromosomes, the cell advances to the next stage.

  12. Anaphase • The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and split. • The microtubules shorten and pull the chromosomes two either side of the cell.

  13. Telophase • Both sets of chromosomes, now surrounded by new nuclei, unfold back into chromatin. • Mitosis is complete, but cell division is not. • A new nuclear envelope, using fragments of the parent cell's nuclear membrane, forms around each set of separated sister chromosomes.

  14. Cytokinesis • The first visible sign of cytokenesis is when the cell begins to collapse, a process called furrowing. • Furrowing tends to take place at right angles to the axis of the spindle so that each nucleus is placed in a different cell.

  15. Click the Button for Your Assessment

  16. Assess Your Knowledge • Identify each phase by filling in the blanks • Need a review: Click here

  17. Assess Your Knowledge • How did you do? Prophase Anaphase Metaphase Telophase

  18. Assess Your Knowledge • Identify each phase by filling in the blanks. • Some phases of mitosis appear twice. • Review: Click here

  19. Assess Your Knowledge • How did you do? • This concludes the cell cycle presentation. Interphase Prophase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Anaphase Telophase Telophase

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