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INTRODUCTION TO NAVIGATION

Learn the fundamentals of map reading, from understanding various map types and symbols to measuring distances and aligning maps with the real world. Practice identifying locations, using grids, and following bearings for effective navigation. Enhance your outdoor adventure planning and leadership abilities with this comprehensive guide.

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INTRODUCTION TO NAVIGATION

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  1. 1 INTRODUCTION TO NAVIGATION Reading a map is an essential skill for planning a walk and for knowing where you are. You don’t need to be able to use a compass to lead a low level walk, but it can help. It is however essential to be competent in using a compass for leading remote and challenging walks.

  2. 2 MAPPING BASICS

  3. 3 MAP TYPES 1:25000 Explorer 1:50000 Landranger Best to check date of issue as landmarks can change over time. Other maps are available, such as Harvey's.

  4. 4

  5. 5

  6. 6 AUDIENCE PARTICIPATION! WHERE AM I? Give everyone 4 or 5 Grid References from the map and ask them to identify what they find there

  7. 7 MEASURING SCALE 1:25 000 OS Explorer 1:50 000 OS Landranger It might help you to remember that the larger the number in the scale, the smaller the scale of the map will be.

  8. AUDIENCE PARTICIPATION! MAP SYMBOLS 8 Split into groups and identify the symbols

  9. 9 CONTOURS How high is each hill?

  10. Contours closer together at top

  11. Contours closer together at bottom

  12. 12 AUDIENCE PARTICIPATION!

  13. 13 MAP FEATURES

  14. 14 PARTS OF A COMPASS

  15. 15 ALIGNING THE MAP WITH THE REAL WORLD

  16. 16 (bridge) (building)

  17. 17 Read the bearing off here

  18. 18 To follow the bearing:

  19. 19 MEASURING DISTANCE Grid squares String method Straight edge Map measurer

  20. 20 AUDIENCE PARTICIPATION! FIND YOUR WAY Give everyone 3 or 4 end points and ask them to identify what they are, the distance from each start to each end point and the bearing between them EXAMPLE

  21. 21 TIMING YOUR WALK • When looking at timings for your walk consider: • walking speed (vary with terrain, stiles, party etc) Kph mins per km 3 20 3.5 17 4 15 4.5 13.3 5 12 • Climbing hills – Naismith’s rule 30 mins extra per 300m ascended (1 min per 10m contour line) • Stops, including comfort breaks, lunch, etc… • Contingency

  22. 22 FURTHER GUIDANCE AND SUPPORT More advice and guidance can be found at the walk leaders pages of the Ramblers website: www.ramblers.org.uk/Volunteer/AreaGroup/Resources/Led+Walks.htm or email ledwalks@ramblers.org.uk Thanks to all Ramblers groups whose websites were the source of some of the pictures.

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