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GC unit 11 Part 2 The holocaust The post war world

GC unit 11 Part 2 The holocaust The post war world. The Final Solution. Hitler put the SS in charge of implementing the plan to eliminate the Jews Reinhard Heydrich (SS) Ghettos, mobile killing units, death camps (1942) Auschwitz The death toll 5-6 million Jews

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GC unit 11 Part 2 The holocaust The post war world

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  1. GC unit 11 Part 2The holocaustThe post war world

  2. The Final Solution • Hitler put the SS in charge of implementing the plan to eliminate the Jews • Reinhard Heydrich (SS) • Ghettos, mobile killing units, death camps (1942) • Auschwitz • The death toll • 5-6 million Jews • Another 9-10 million (gypsies, slavs etc..)

  3. The Home front • The United States: Social turmoil created by economic mobilization • Frequent movement of people (“boomtowns”) • African Americans to the North and West looking for jobs (race riots) • Also 1 million African Americans enlisted in the armed forces (segregation) • Japanese Americans (Internment camps) • Women in the workforce

  4. The Peace and the New War • Cold War: Political tensions caused by the ideological conflict between the US and USSR • The Teheran Conference (November 1943) • The big three (FDR, Stalin, Churchill) • Schedule D-Day • Agree to partition Germany following the war

  5. The Yalta Conference (Feb 1945) • Big three again • German defeat obvious but Atomic bomb still uncertain • Agree to the creation of a United Nations and 4 zones of occupation for Germany • Stalin desires a “buffer” against future attacks from the West (“sympathetic governments”) • He promised free elections but never delivered • FDR wants self-determination for Eastern Europe • However Roosevelt feels he will need Stalin’s help against Japan (territorial concessions)

  6. The Potsdam Conference (July 1945) • FDR gone. Truman does not trust Stalin • Truman demands free elections Stalin says no • The only option left was to invade Eastern Europe • March of 1946 Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech • Stalin brands this a call to war with the USSR

  7. The Nuremberg Trials

  8. The charges • 19 defendants (1 absent) • 2 acquitted (Franz Von Papen, Hans Fritzsche) • 12 condemned to death • They attempted to use the trial as a platform to justify their actions • 4 Counts • Conspiracy to commit the crimes listed below • Crimes against peace • War crimes • Crimes against humanity

  9. The Causes of the Cold War • Rivalry in Europe • The Truman Doctrine (1947) • $ to nations to help defend against Communism (born out of fear) • The Marshall Plan • Sec. of State George Marshall • 13 billion for European economic recovery • Poverty opens the door for Communism • Soviets saw this as an attempt to control the politics and economies of other nations • Soviets answer with COMECON for their “satellite states” in Eastern Europe (not enough money) • American policy becomes “containment”

  10. The Division of Germany • Originally divided into 4 zones • The City of Berlin, deep in the Soviet zone, was also divided into 4 zones • Feb 1948 Fr, GB and the US were ready to create a West German government by combing their 3 zones and Berlin • Soviets object and blockade supplies to the West Berlin (2.5 million people in 3 zones) • The Berlin Airlift was used to prevent WW III • 10 months 2.3 million tons of supplies • Soviets lifted the blockade in May of 1949 after 10 months • September 1949 Federal Republic of Germany (Bonn) and the German Democratic Republic (East Berlin)

  11. The Spread of the Cold War • 1949 Communists gain control of China • 1949 Soviet Union 1st A-Bomb test • Arms race • Hydrogen Bombs • ICBM’s • MAD • Space race (Sputnik orbits in 1957) • New Military alliances • NATO April 1949 (North West Europe, Canada and the US) • SEATO and CENTO were formed as well to help stem Soviet aggression • 1955 The Warsaw Pact (USSR, Czech, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, E. Germany, Albania)

  12. The Berlin Wall • Nikita Khrushchev took over as the leader of the USSR in 1955 after Stalin’s death • He needed to stop the flow of East Germans that were escaping into West Berlin and out of the country • August 1961 he began the Berlin Wall • Became a symbol of the division of the two superpowers

  13. The Cuban Missile Crisis • 1959 Fidel Castro overthrew Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista and set up a Soviet supported Communist regime • New President JFK approved a plan for Cuban exiles to try and retake the island (Bay of Pigs) • This plan was an enormous disaster • The Soviets sent arms and advisors to Cuba • 1962 Khrushchev began to place nuclear missiles in Cuba • We have missiles in Turkey • JFK puts blockade in place • Solution USSR backed down when JFK promised no invasion

  14. Vietnam and the Domino Theory • US troops and advisors hope to keep the Communists in the North from gaining control in South Vietnam • If Vietnam fell other countries in S. East Asia might also (Domino theory) • Lyndon B. Johnson

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