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Development of the Heart

Development of the Heart. 212 – 2004 – Week 6 Avinash Bharadwaj. Retrospect…. Trilaminar embryo Three germ layers Head and tail folds. Cardiovascular System. The Heart Blood vessels Abnormal development Correlation. Some Special Features. Early development and function

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Development of the Heart

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  1. Development of the Heart 212 – 2004 – Week 6 Avinash Bharadwaj

  2. Retrospect… • Trilaminar embryo • Three germ layers • Head and tail folds

  3. Cardiovascular System • The Heart • Blood vessels • Abnormal development • Correlation

  4. Some Special Features • Early development and function • Requirements of the foetus • Non-functional lungs • Placental circulation • Planning for postnatal life • Right-left passage essential during foetal life, obliteration required immediately after birth. • The phylogenetic sequence.

  5. Earliest Development • Angiogenic cell clusters or Blood Islands • Blood cells and endothelium

  6. Cardiogenic Area • Flat embryo • Position of cardiogenic area

  7. Head Fold • Cardiac area • Gut formation • Pericardium and heart tube

  8. Later…

  9. The Heart Tube • Venous and arterial ends • Regions defined • Bulbus cordis • Ventricle • Atrium • Sinus venosus • Conus and Truncus…?

  10. B V D A V SV The Tube Bends

  11. The Chambers Left Front A A A BVL V

  12. A-Ar LA RA AVC The Interior • R and L atria • Atrioventricular canal : common • Outflow • Aortic arches

  13. Left – Right Partitioning • Interatrial septum • Interventricular septum • Spiral (aortico-pulomonary septum • Endocardial cushions (A-V cushions) • Functional requirements • There must always be a right to left passage!

  14. Interatrial septum • Partitioning • Right to left passage • Mechanism for closing the passage

  15. A V

  16. Septum Primum • This is a sagittal section seen from the right. AVC V

  17. Foramen Primum • Foramen primum : Between the septum and the AV Cushions

  18. Passage is a Must! • Foramen secundum • Foramen primum about to disappear

  19. Septum Secundum • To the right of primum • Foramen primum has disappeared

  20. Foramen ovale • F. Ovale – • In septum secundum • Further…

  21. The ‘Valve’ • Two septa • Two foramina

  22. Sinus Venosus • Originally a symmetrical structure • Right and left “horns” • Venous return more to the right • Left horn becomes smaller • Opening shifts to the right • Later – part of right atrium

  23. Left Atrium • Four pulmonary veins • Common opening • “Absorption” of veins into atrium • Rough part - auricle

  24. The Ventricular Septum Three Parts • Interventricular septum • AV Cushions • Spiral Septum

  25. The Ventricular Septum R Membranous Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Muscular

  26. Foetal Circulation • Very little pulmonary flow • Placental Circulation • Right to Left Passages

  27. IVC : Blood from placenta • Ductus venosus • F. ovale • Ductus arteriosus

  28. Changes At Birth • Closure of interatrial septum • Closure of ductus arteriosus • Closure of ductus venosus

  29. Congenital Heart Disease • Septal Defects – Atrial and Ventricular • Endocardial cushion defects • Aorticopulmonary defects • PDA • Others

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