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Judaism

Judaism. Judaism. One of the three Abrahamic faiths Christianity and Islam 13 million Jewish people in 2007 Most reside in United States and Israel Judaism is the interpretation of the history of the Jewish people “the Jews of the past”

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Judaism

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  1. Judaism

  2. Judaism • One of the three Abrahamic faiths • Christianity and Islam • 13 million Jewish people in 2007 • Most reside in United States and Israel • Judaism is the interpretation of the history of the Jewish people “the Jews of the past” • Judaism is the sanctification of life- Jews of the present

  3. History of Judaism • Originated in the Middle East over 3,500 years ago • Abraham- Judaism is the Covenant between God and his people • Covenant-agreement established a long time ago between God and the ancient Israelites • First covenant through Abraham, then through Moses • Jews are understood to be God’s Chosen People • Exchange for the Covenant, Jewish people keep God’s laws and try to bring holiness to every aspect of their lives

  4. History Early history is told in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) God chose Abraham, then Moses Became a powerful people with kings like Saul, David and Solomon

  5. Judaism’s Central Teachings • God’s revelation of the divine will to the Jewish people. • Recorded in the Hebrew bible • Revelation is called the Torah

  6. Judaism’s Central Teachings • Master of the Universe: • Observant Jews may never pronounce or may avoid pronouncing the divine name • Name is written YHWH (Yaweh) • Say “Lord” when reading from the Bible • One God- only God

  7. The Hebrew Bible • Three parts: • Torah • The Prophets • The Writings • Bible itself is sometimes referred to as the Tanakh • Contents are also found in Christian Old Testament • But ordered and named differently

  8. Torah • Literally means ‘instruction’ • Refers to the will of God as it is revealed to humankind • First five books are thought to have been revealed directly by God to Moses- Jewish laws

  9. The Prophets Comprises books that are historical accounts of ancient Israel and proclamations of the will of god spoke to those called to serve God as mouthpieces Prophet means “one who speaks for”

  10. The Writings • Diverse in both content and literary form • Composed later • Include: • Psalms • Proverbs

  11. Mishnah & Talmud • “oral Torah” is taught by rabbi • Teacher of Torah or Jewish worship • Mishnah • Written down in 200 AD- sacred text • Talmud • Based directly on Mishnah • Grand scheme of interpretation of God’s will

  12. The History of the Chosen People • Jews were the descendants of the Israelites • Exile became known as the Jews • Religion known as Judaism (people of Judah)

  13. Classical Judaism • Earlier Period • 587 B.C. Babylonian exile • Diaspora • 66 A.D. -Jews in Palestine initiated the Jewish War • 135 A.D.- Roman rule

  14. Medieval Judaism • 8th Century- 18th Century • Most part lived under the rule of Muslims • Generally free to practice their own religion • Conditions under Christian rule varied • Persecution • Sought asylum in Poland

  15. Medieval Judaism • Moses Maimonides (1135-1204) • Represents a great number of Jewish philosophers • Applied philosophy top biblical tradition • The Guide for the Perplexed • Thirteen Principles

  16. Medieval Judaism • Kabbalah • Jewish mysticism • Teaches God can be best known through the heart, through love • Does not abandon basic forms of Judaism

  17. Modern Judaism • Hasidism • Meaning ‘pious’ • Draws from Kabbalah teachings • Emphasizes personal relationships with God and the community, rather than the study of the Torah

  18. Modern Judaism • Zionism • Originally a movement in late nineteenth century • Zion- biblical name for Jerusalem • Generally refers to the support for Israel

  19. Holocaust & Anti-Semitism Sometimes called Shoah (Hebrew for mass destruction) Persecution of Jews from 1933-1945 Response- Punishment for sins God has broken the Covenant

  20. State of Israel Zionist movement- large move of Jews to Palestine 1948- Israel granted statehood Land religious significance for Jews and Muslims

  21. Jewish Beliefs & Daily Practices Guided through regulations in the Torah (defines both ethical conduct and worship) Teaches many ethical duties

  22. Daily Practices • Predominant form of daily worship is through prayer • Mandatory only for males over age 13 • Women excused for household responsibilities • Males required to wear certain accessories • Pray at least 3 times daily

  23. Home & Synagogue • Home • Family center • Mezuzah • Social center the table • Synagogue • Center of prayer and worship post Babylonian exile • Led by rabbis

  24. Sabbath • Also known as Shabbat • Sunset Friday to sunset Saturday • Religious and social high point of the week • Avoid labor • Refrain from usual activities • Day of rest, worship and celebration

  25. Annual Calendar Holy Days Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur Passover

  26. Rites of Passage • Birth and Naming • Circumsion • Coming of Age • Bar mitzvah • Bat mitzvah • Marriage • Death & Mourning

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