Semester Test Review

1. Semester Test Review • A cappella – vocal music without accompaniment • Tempo – speed of music • Range – all the notes a voice can sing • Tone – the quality of sound produced • Diction – clear pronunciation of words • Time signature – tells the number of beats in a measure • The top number tells you the number of beats in a measure • The bottom number tells you the type of note that gets the steady beat. • Phrase – musical thought or sentence

2. Semester Test Review • Composer – Person who writes the music • Diaphragm – muscle used for breath support • Unison – Everyone singing the same note • Choir – A group of voices singing as one voice • Score – the music book you read from • Choral Score – Vocal parts with the piano • Intonation – the degree to which pitch is accurately produced.

3. Semester Test Review • Dynamics – symbols used to tell the volume of music. • Forte – Loud • Mezzo Forte – Medium Loud • Piano – Soft • Mezzo Piano – Medium Soft • Pianissimo – Very Soft • Crescendo – gradually get louder < • Decrescendo – gradually get softer >

4. Semester Test Review • Quarter Note – 1 beat • Dotted Half Note – 3 beats • Half note – 2 beats • Whole Note – 4 beats • Eighth Note – ½ beat • Sixteenth Note – ¼ beat

5. Semester Test Review • Quarter Rest – 1 beat • Half Rest – 2 beats • Whole Rest – 4 beats • Eighth Rest– ½ beat • Sixteenth Rest – 1/4 beat

6. Semester Test Review • FlatLowers the pitch of a note by ½ step.

7. Semester Test Review • SharpRaises the pitch of a note by ½ step.

8. Semester Test Review • NaturalCancels a previous accidental

9. The Staff • This is a staff. It has five linesand four spaces. • We count the lines and spaces starting from the bottom.

10. The Staff • Barlines are used to divide the staff into measures. • This is measure.

11. The Treble Clef • This is a treble clef. • It is used for high notes. Instruments like the flute and violin read music written in the treble clef.

12. The Treble Staff • The notes on the treble stafflines are E G B D F.

13. A saying to help you remember the lines of the treble staff is: Every Good Boy Does Fine

14. Spaces of the Treble Staff • The notes on the treble staffspaces are F A C E. 

15. The notes on the treble staffspaces are F A C E. (Face also rhymes with space... and it is spelled by the notes on the spaces of the treble clef ... very clever!) F A C E

16. This is a bass clef. • It is used for low notes. Instruments like the tuba and string bass read music written in the bass clef.

17. A staff with a bass clef • This sign is called a bass staff.

18. The notes on the bass staff The lines are G B D F A.

19. A saying to help you remember the lines of the bass staff is: • Good Boys Do Fine Always

20. The notes on the bass staffspaces are A C E G.

21. Misc. Notes • When breathing your stomach should move out to indicate the lowering of your diaphragm. • A good seated singing position is feet flat on the floor, moved to the edge of the seat so your back is not touching the back of the chair; chest high, shoulders low.

22. A saying to help you remember the spaces of the bass staff is: • All Cows Eat Grass

23. Voice Parts • Soprano – The Highest Female Singing Voice • Alto – A Lower Female Singing Voice • Tenor – A high male singing voice • Bass – A low male singing voice

24. Misc. Notes • You should always use a pencil when marking in your score. • The five pure vowel sounds: Ah Eh Ee Oh Oo • Decibels – Measurement for recording levels of sound. • A comma is used to indicate a breath mark in music. • Divisi – vocal parts are divided