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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. Renaissance defined:. Used to describe a movement that sought to imitate and understand the culture of antiquity (the time period before the Middle Ages) “rebirth” of Greek and Roman classics Applies to art, politics, and science Praises individual achievement.

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance

  2. Renaissance defined: • Used to describe a movement that sought to imitate and understand the culture of antiquity (the time period before the Middle Ages) • “rebirth” of Greek and Roman classics • Applies to art, politics, and science • Praises individual achievement

  3. Background/ Possible causes • Emerged in central Italy in the 14th century • No exact beginning or ending date • Florence • The Medici Family • Wealthy and influential Florentine family • Patronage allowed for the advancement of artwork

  4. Possible causes (continued) • The Great Man argument • Leans on the belief that the Ren grew out of the intelligence great men • Debatable argument

  5. Possible causes (cont.) • The Black Death theory • The breakdown of trust in the Church led people to think more about life rather than the afterlife • Invention of the printing press • Gutenberg (1450s)

  6. Characteristics • Classicalism • Admiration and imitation of the Classical Age (Greece and Rome) • Shown in architecture, literature, art • Humanism • Faith in human intelligence and rationality • Reverence for inherent human beauty • Shown by the idealization of the human body

  7. Characteristics (cont.) • Individualism • Appreciation of the individual worth of each human being • Shown in the detail given to each individual in artwork • Secularism • Celebration in the everyday life • Shown in art placing importance on fine clothing, money or anything acquired through wealth

  8. Characteristics (cont.) • Realism • Attention to detail made through observance of the real world • Shown through the use of new art techniques and the attention to detail • Rationalism • Development and use of the human mind • Shown through references to learning

  9. Italian Renaissance vs. Northern Renaissance Italian Renaissance • attempted to merge the pagan Classical Age with the Christian Middle Ages • Emphasizes Greece and Rome • Emphasizes wealthy upper class • Religious and mythological • Portraits are formal and reserved • Base art on theory

  10. Italian Renaissance vs. Northern Renaissance Northern Renaissance • Art is more infused with religion and religious piety (devotion) • Focuses on early Christianity in Rome and Greece • Emphasized the life of commoners and the rising middle class • Appreciation of nature • Oil paint used more = brighter colors

  11. Early Renaissance in Italy • Began in Florence soon after 1400 • Main artists: Filippo Brunelleschi, Donatello, and Masaccio • Main task: to merge Classical form with Christian content in creating a new style

  12. Sculpture: Donatello’s David • 1425-1430 • Bronze • First free standing nude statue since before the Middle Ages • Notice Goliath’s helmet: connection to Roman gods • Lowered gaze = modesty and virtue (Classical characteristics)

  13. Architecture • Influenced greatly by Filippo Brunellechi • Studied Roman architect: domes instead of Gothic spires • Utilized a new style called linear, or scientific perspective • Vanishing point • Allowed for three dimensional space

  14. Painting: Masaccio • Utilizes linear/scientific perspective • The Holy Trinity

  15. Painting: Masaccio (cont.) • The Expulsion from Paradise • Religious theme • Displays human body in motion, as well as human emotion

  16. Central and Northern Italy1450-1500 • Built upon the practices of early Ren artists • Intermingles classical themes with religion Botticelli, Primavera. c. 1482

  17. High Renaissance • Culmination of the Early Renaissance • Early Ren. = imitated nature • High Ren. = interpreted nature • Key artists: • Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael • 1500-1527 • Centered in Rome

  18. Leonardo da Vinci • 1452-1519 • Trained in Florence • Contributed to the idea that an artist is an original thinker and a scientist in one • A true “Renaissance Man”

  19. Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa. c. 1503-1505 • Who is she? • Why is she smiling? • What do you notice about the landscape? • Wife of a Florentine merchant

  20. Raphael (1483-1520) • School of Athens, 1510-1511 • Famous Greek philosophers gather around Plato and Aristotle • Careful attention to symmetry, motion, precision

  21. Giotto. Madonna Enthroned. 1310 Raphael. Sistine Madonna. c. 1500s Comparison: Gothic Art (1140-1550) vs. Renaissance Art

  22. Michelangelo (1475-1564) • Sistine Chapel. 1508-1512 & 1534-1541 • Scenes depict the early history and the coming of Jesus • Creation, destruction, and the salvation of humanity

  23. The Ceiling

  24. The Creation of Adam

  25. The Last Judgment

  26. Diagram of the Sistine Chapel Ceiling

  27. More Renaissance Artwork

  28. Pieter Brueghel: Battle Between Carnival and Lent, 1559

  29. Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper. c. 1495-1498

  30. Raphael. Sistine Madonna.Dresden, Germany

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