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ILRI-BMZ project country report/Ethiopia:Oct 2004-Sept 2005

ILRI-BMZ project country report/Ethiopia:Oct 2004-Sept 2005 . Project team members. Lemma Gizachew (NPO) Ulfina Gelmessa (SNR) Zelalem Belayneh Jiregna Desalegn Gemechu Shale Temesgen Ayana Temesgen Jembere Diriba Geleti Chala Merera Gemeda Duguma Mulugeta K ebede.

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ILRI-BMZ project country report/Ethiopia:Oct 2004-Sept 2005

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  1. ILRI-BMZ project country report/Ethiopia:Oct 2004-Sept 2005

  2. Project team members • Lemma Gizachew (NPO) • Ulfina Gelmessa (SNR) • Zelalem Belayneh • Jiregna Desalegn • Gemechu Shale • Temesgen Ayana • Temesgen Jembere • Diriba Geleti • Chala Merera • Gemeda Duguma • Mulugeta Kebede

  3. I. AnGR: Country context

  4. Animal/plant genetic resources of Ethiopia • AnGR is vital biodiversity component • Center of origin/diversity for a number plant & animal (breeds) species • 6400 plant species (1000 spp. indigenous) • At least 28 Trifolium spp. (9 endemic) • 24 cattle breed (type) • 13 goat • 7 sheep • 10 chicken

  5. Contributing factors for richness in biodiversity • Diverse ecological niches (32 AEZs) or habitats • Varying breeding goals & priorities of farmers/pastoralists

  6. Is this country benefiting from this rich AnGR? No

  7. Why ? • Attitudinal problem (mind set up) • Low R and D attention on indigenous AnGR • Inadequate institutional & policy support

  8. Outstanding threats to indigenous AnGR • Breed replacement, crossbreeding, interbreeding • Habitat loss (emergence of private farms, crop/bush encroachment, range degradation) • Disease epidemics • Conflicts/raids • Drought/famine

  9. What does the future hold for AnGR? • Appreciation of contribution: poverty reduction, improving livelihood & agric sustainability • Local & international attention shift for AnGR (country report on AnGR/ collaborations) • Emphases of regional/national research strategies • Interest in specific genetic merits of AnGR (hardiness, disease/parasite resistance) • Growing market demand (local & overseas)

  10. Three years ILRI-BMZ project outputs • Community & priority breed identification • Community based action research • Analyses of economic, market & policy factors • Capacity building & dissemination

  11. 2004/05 plan & accomplishment

  12. 2004/05 plan & accomplishment cont’d

  13. II. Community & priority breed identification

  14. Community & priority breed identification • Consultation worship (relevant stakeholders) • Group discussion at community level • Output: Three PAs (Gida-Abu,Dano-Shenen & Sayo-Gambela) and cattle (Horro breed)

  15. III. Capacity building

  16. Capacity building • PRA for research team • Farmers field school training for trainers • Breed characterization from prodn systems context • PhD student placement/coursework (Göttingen) • Placing graduate students on project outputs related activities • Enumerator training • Farmers training (forage production/health)

  17. IV. Literature review on Horro cattle

  18. Collection & compilation of information • Publications in center and national libraries consulted • Report compiled through desk review

  19. Origin & distribution • Name derived from sub province Horro Guduru • Distributed through Wellega,Illubabor,Kefa & W.Shoa

  20. Breed characteristics • Intermediate Sanga (medium to large) • Small & finely shaped head • Medium to large horn • Fine skin, uniform brown color • Thin dewlap • Straight & slender leg • Small udder

  21. Productive performance • Milk yield of pure Horro: 0.4-6 l/day • Lactation length: 4-12 months • Milk yield of Horro crosses (25-50% exotic blood): 800-1400 l/lactation • Milk chemical composition (6.4% fat & 3.9 % protein) • Birth weight:18.6 ± 0.2 kg • Weaning weight:192.4 ± 6 kg • Calf management (suckling) • Growth & finishing (concentrate/crop- residue/ forage)

  22. Reproductive performance • Age at 1st mating (heifer): 2.73-4.30 years • Age at 1st calving: 3.5-5.0 years • Weight at 1st heat:214 ± 7 kg • Weight at 1st conception:215 ±8 kg • Gestation length: 280.7- 282.2 days • NSC: natural - 1.4; AI - 1.75 • Calving interval: 14.5-24.0 months

  23. Gaps • Characterization work incomplete • No emphases on improvement thru selection • Mechanism to regulate uncontrolled cross-breeding/ interbreeding • Absence of community based AnGR management • Limited work on consumer preferences, power output improvement, market & policy • Low level of end-users involvement/limited adoption of developed technologies

  24. V. Livestock production & marketing system appraisal (PRA)

  25. Major objectives • Adequately describe the project study sites • Identify the major roles livestock play in the lives of the farming communities • Identify constraints and possible interventions for improvement of livestock production & marketing systems

  26. Methodology • Participatory situation analyses

  27. Source of info • Secondary data (Agric Dev’t /PA offices) • Direct observation by multidisciplinary team • Key informant interview

  28. Data analyses • Use of PRA tools (triangulation, conceptualization, tabulation, etc)

  29. Findings

  30. Household size & structure • HH size:4-16 • HH structure:Young> old

  31. Household wealth class

  32. Percent wealth class in selected PA/implication?/

  33. Land use pattern from community resource map/focus of feed intervention? /

  34. Rainfall pattern

  35. HH food availability/coping strategies?/

  36. Relative contribution of different livestock spp.

  37. Relative monetary return from livestock products

  38. HH expenditure / negligible for livestock /

  39. Sources of credit & relative importance

  40. Labor calendar /alternative use of labor at slack period?/

  41. Purpose of keeping livestock • Sources of incidental expense • Storage of food • Financial reserve during economic stress • Input to crop production • Wealth accumulation & security • Buffering against crop failure

  42. Preferred cattle traits • Coat color (disease/flies/ feeding response) • Body conformation • Body size (growth rate & prolificacy) • Naval flap & tail size • Size & orientation of horn

  43. Feed resources • Communal pasture • Crop residues • Browses • Supplements (salt)

  44. Seasonal availability of feeds

  45. Interventions to feed shortage problems • Conservation & proper utilization of feeds • Reducing herd size • Privatization of communal grazing • Paddocking & rotational grazing of NP • Use of shrubs & browses • Growing improved forages

  46. Animal health • Major diseases: Tryps, anthrax, black leg, • Occurrence: seasonal • Most affected class: oxen/milking cows

  47. Livestock marketing • Species of preference: Chicken > Shoats > Cattle • Reason of sale:incidental expenses, school fee & credit repayment • Market channel:farmer ⇨ small traders/ butchers (1° market)⇨ big traders (2° market) ⇨ big traders (3° market)⇨ big traders (terminal market) • Market info: informal (physical presence/ neighbor • Price formation: Socio-cultural events, crop performance, season (oxen), body feature (color), brokers • Constraints: infrastructure, info, volume, capital, transport

  48. Problem ranking (pair-wise)

  49. VI. Community-based interventions

  50. Community-based interventions • Deciding livestock asset function requiring improvement • Delineating roles & responsibilities of the project and the communities

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