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The Five Principles of Design

Learn the fundamental principles of interior design - Proportion, Scale, Balance, Emphasis, and Rhythm. Explore how these elements work together to create harmonious and visually appealing spaces in your home.

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The Five Principles of Design

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  1. The Five Principles of Design Proportion Scale Balance Emphasis Rhythm

  2. Proportion Proportion is the ratio of one part to another part or of one part to the whole. The coffee table and sofa in this room have good proportions to each other. In general, a coffee table that is two thirds the length of a couch is more pleasing than one that is the same length or half the length of the couch.

  3. Scale Scale refers to the size of an object in relation to a standard or familiar size. The table and chairs in this child’s bedroom is in scale with the size of the children who will be using it.

  4. Balance – Formal/Symmetrical Formal Balance is achieved through the placement of identical objects on both sides of a central point. Notice the identical arrangement of plates, pillows, side tables, accessories, lamps, and the window treatments on each side of the large mirror.

  5. Balance – Informal/Asymmetrical This room, at first glance, seems to have formal or symmetrical balance, however, a second look will identify the difference in the side tables and accessories on these tables. The tables here are similar in form – if one had been heavy and chunky, the balance in this arrangement would have been compromised.

  6. Emphasis – Focal Point The center of interest in a room is usually a fireplace, window, work of art, or dominate piece of furniture. In this master bedroom, the bed creates the focal point. This bed is emphasized by its tall headboard, the placement of artwork on the wall above it, and by its place as the center of the symmetrical arrangement of the bed, side tables, lamps and artwork.

  7. Rhythm - Repetition Rhythm is seen in this room in the repetition of the three square windows, the repetition of color in the green ceiling, upper wall, bedside table, and decorative pillows on the bed.

  8. Rhythm - Radiation The wooden floor planks in this entryway radiate out from the central star design.

  9. Rhythm - Gradation Gradation in size is evident in the two ladder-style bookcases leaning against the wall. Note the large bottom shelf with each shelf getting smaller towards the top.

  10. Sources Images • Southernliving.com • Potterybarn.com Information • Residential Housing & Interiors

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