Understanding Evolution: The Story of Frigeafs and Natural Selection

1. Do NOW: How are these animals related? What do we mean when we say different organisms are related? (Talk in your group)

2. Let Ms. Wood Tell you The Story of the Frigeafs

14. Frigeaf Story Questions • What are some variationswe saw in this story? • What environmental challengesdid the frigeafs face? • Which of the variations was not an adaptationfor the frigeafs? • Which of the variations was an adaptation in this environment? • How did this adaptation help the organism survive and reproduce? • Was this adaptation inheritable? Why? • Which Frigeafs were FIT? Why? • Which frigeafs were NOT FIT?

15. Naturalist who popularized the ideal that biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. Charles Darwin

16. Evidence of Natural Selection Darwin’s finches

17. Natural Selection The unequal survival and reproduction of organisms due to environmental forces, resulting in the preservation of favorable adaptations.

18. Natural Selection: Two Step Process 1. The Production of Variation. -Mutations -Meiosis: Crossing over -Random mate selection 2. Non-random aspects of survival and reproduction -Superior success of certain phenotypes -Non-random mate choice

19. Lemurs of Madagascar

20. Amazonian Frogs

21. MUTATIONS • Changes in the structure of the DNA • Adds genetic diversity to the population • May or may not be adaptive • Depends on the environment!

22. When the environment changes When faced with a change in environmental condition, a population of a species can get MAD: • MIGRATE to a more favorable location • ALREADY be adapted • DIE

23. Artificial Selection Agriculture Corn looks very different from its ancestor

24. Natural Selection “Selective Breeding” Humans select traits for dogs, pigeons, cattle and other animals when they breed them. Bred dogs came from a single original species, in which human selected the traits they wanted. In nature, who selects the traits for wild plans & animals?

25. NOBODY!! There is no agent involved in natural selection. Natural selection is a process of elimination. INDIVIDUALS THAT HAVE TRAITS THAT ARE BEST ADAPTED FOR THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENT ARE THE ONES THAT SURVIVE TO BREED AND PASS ON THEIR GENES TO THE NEXT GENERATION. Organisms not possessing the beneficial traits either die or don’t have as many offspring or adapt to a new way of life.

27. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SCjhI86grU So, to review:

28. There are two types of rabbits: those that strictly eat grass and those that strictly eat berries and flowers. A drought occurs one year, and the plants have difficulty producing any extras (flowers, berries, etc.).They can only try and keep themselves green. The rabbits have had babies all year long but many are eaten by foxes or hawks Due to the drought, many have starved to death. What are the variations in the rabbits? What rabbit will nature select AGAINST? What rabbit will nature select FOR? You do: Example

29. Knowing what you know, why is his idea of evolution totally ridiculous? Do NOW: LaMarck? This crazy guy came up with the idea that an organism can pass on characteristics that it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring. Ex: If a rabbit were to have one of it’s ears cut off and then had a baby bunny, then it would be born with one of it’s ears cut off as well.

30. Predators Food Sources Water Sources Shelter Mate Selection When a trait dies off, it is considered selected against. The surviving trait is considered selected for. Let’s brainstorm some things that could be considered a “Pressure”

31. Natural Selection: Gene Flow What does the word flow refer to? • Movement of genes into or out of a populations • For Example: A population of red dots are very happy.

32. Natural Selection: Genetic drift • An outside force will randomly disrupt the genotypes in a population. • For example… a population of blue and red dots… ?

33. Example #1: The Peppered Moth • Early trees had light-colored bark • More light-colored moths survived compared to dark-colored moths. • After industrialization, the tree bark was darker. • Dark-colored moths now survived. New info on the Pepper Moth experiment

35. What happened around 1896?

36. Soot and pollution killed off all of the lichens, which are a moss like fungus that lightened the color of the trees. • Soot covered the trees and made them significantly darker. • The camouflage that the moths used to have were no longer viable. • Birds easily picked out the white moths against the black backgrounds. the advancement of the Industrial Revolution

37. Example #2: Obtaining Food • The neck of the Giraffe • Co-evolution with Acacia Trees • Selection pressure is source of food • The Red Queen Hypothesis...

38. Example #3 The leaf bug The selection pressure is predators It’s strategy is to mimic a leaf Pray Mantis Camouflage

39. You will be in groups of 3. Each person will be (1) the bird, (2) the moths, and (3) the recorder. Each person will be each role at least 1 time. For each generation, the moth will place all cut-outs onto the tree (GEN. 1 & 2: Light; GEN 3 & 4: Dark) Directions for mini LAB:

40. Over time, the climate of an island became drier, which resulted in changes to the populations of various island finch species. Finch populations with a certain beak shape thrived, while those not having that beak shape decreased. Which of the following describes a necessary condition for these changes in the finch populations to occur? A. fewer mutations B. limited food resources C. limited beak variations D. overproduction of offspring

41. (eye of the tiger… instrumental) Day 3: The Battle of the Beaks…

42. Do Now: How does this relate to our Lesson?Write one sentence to explain…