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Multicellular Organisms

Multicellular Organisms. 6 Transport Systems in Animals. 1. Components. The circulatory system consists of: blood vessels - tubes the heart - a pump blood - liquid. 2. Function. The circulatory system transports :

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Multicellular Organisms

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  1. Multicellular Organisms 6 Transport Systems in Animals

  2. 1. Components • The circulatory system consists of: • blood vessels- tubes • the heart - a pump • blood- liquid

  3. 2. Function • The circulatory system transports : • Nutrients from where they are obtained to where they are needed e.g. oxygen, amino acids, glucose. • Wastes from where they are produced to where they are excreted e.g. urea, carbon dioxide. • Hormones so that different areas of the body can communicate e.g. glucagon, insulin. • Heat so that all areas of the body are kept close to the optimum temperature of 37°C.

  4. 3. Circulation • The circulatory system is a double circulation where the blood flows twice through the heart for each complete circuit. This because the lungs have a separate circulation from the rest of the body. Arteries Capillaries Veins

  5. The 3 types of blood vessels • There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries.

  6. Blood Vessels Artery Vein Capillary

  7. Arteries • Function • Carry blood away from the heart. • Features • thick muscular wall. • pulse . • Blood at high pressure.

  8. Arteries have thick muscular walls the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under pressure thick muscle and elastic fibres the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.

  9. Capillaries • Function • Carry blood through tissues and organs. • exchange of materials. • Features • Wall only one cell thick. Blood flow Vein Artery Capillaries

  10. Vein • Function • Carry blood towards the heart. • Features • thin muscular wall. • no pulse. • Blood at low pressure. • Many valves.

  11. 5. Connections between blood vessels • When an artery reaches an organ it splits up into very narrow capillaries. • Capillaries form networks through the organ and cover a large surface area. They are also thin walled which allows diffusionto easily take place. • Capillaries join up into a vein to carry blood out of an organ. Body System Organs Cells Tissues

  12. 5. Connections between blood vessels Capillaries Body cells Artery Vein Into the cells: Out of the cells: Water and carbon dioxide Food and oxygen

  13. In the capillaries the blood cells drop off the useful materials and pick-up waste materials. food oxygen RBC in capillary

  14. Capillaries connect arteries to veins. Capillary Oxygen and nutrients Carbon Dioxide and waste Very thin wall Body Cells

  15. The Circulatory System • This is the name for the system that transport blood around our bodies. Lungs Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Heart Carbon Dioxide Oxygen and food Body

  16. There are four chambers of the heart • The right atrium • The left atrium • There are two ventricles • The right ventricle • The left ventricle

  17. Left atrium Right atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle Muscular wall

  18. Notes The blood vessels • The Arteries carry blood Away from the heart. • Veins carry blood back to the heart. • The capillaries connect arteries to veins. Artery Away Veins into Capillaries Connect

  19. There are 4 major blood vessels of the heart • These carry blood into and out of the heart. • They connect to all parts of the body. • The veins (pulmonary vein and vena cava) take blood under low pressure back to the heart. • The arteries ( pulmonary artery and aorta) take blood under high pressure out of the heart.

  20. 8. The 4 valves The major blood vessels of the heart Pulmonary artery Aorta Pulmonary vein Vena cava Valves Valves The left side of the heart is thicker than the right as it has to push blood all around the body.

  21. Pathway of blood through the heart Blood low in oxygen is called deoxygenated blood. Deoxygenated blood from the body • In the vena cava • Enters the right atrium • Into the right ventricle • Out through the pulmonary artery • To the lungs where it picks up oxygen

  22. Pathway of blood through the heart Blood high in oxygen is called oxygenated blood. Oxygenated blood from the lungs • In the pulmonary vein • Enters the left atrium • Into the left ventricle • Out through the aorta • To the body

  23. 12. The coronary blood vessels The heart muscle requires its own blood supply which is provided by the coronary artery which can be seen on the outside of the heart. The heart has valves to prevent the backflow of blood

  24. Heart Diagram • Colour in the heart to show which side carries oxygenated / deoxygenated blood. • Label the second diagram showing atrium, ventricles, aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein and valves Worksheet G4

  25. Blood is made of 4 main parts: • Plasma • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets

  26. 1. Plasma • Plasma is a yellow fluid • Carries many dissolved substances e.g. food, salts, carbon dioxide, urea, hormones and antibodies • Its function is to transport these substances around the body

  27. 2.Red blood cells • Red Blood Cells transport oxygen. They are filled with the red pigment haemoglobin. Haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxy-haemoglobin No nucleus Biconcave disc in shape Add to your notes

  28. Haemoglobin Note When the red blood cells then reach their target organ the oxy-haemoglobin releases the oxygen. Haemoglobin + Oxygen Oxy- Haemoglobin Bright red Deep red

  29. air is drawn into lungs during inhalation oxygen and haemoglobin combine to form oxyhaemoglobin in the oxygenated blood. deoxygenated blood flows through the lungs and the haemoglobin in red cells picks up oxygen. when the oxygenated blood flows past cells with low oxygen concentration the oxyhaemoglobin breaks down. the deoxygenated red cells go back to the lungs to pick up more oxygen. oxygen diffuses through the thin blood vessel walls to the body cells where it is used for respiration.

  30. 3.White blood cells • Form part of the immune system. • White blood cells are large and less numerous than red blood cells • Have a large nucleus • Their function is to destroy pathogens.

  31. Immune Response • There are two main cell types involved in an immune response. • Phagocytes • Lymphocytes

  32. Immune Response • Phagocytes carry out the process of phagocytosis. • This is where the cell engulfs the pathogen and destroys it using enzymes. • Phagocytosis

  33. Immune Response • Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies. • Each antibody is specific to one pathogen. • Antibodies against the flu will not be able to fight an infection against the chicken pox virus.

  34. 4. Platelets • Fragments of cells • Their function is to clot the blood to prevent bleeding to death.

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