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Understanding Neutrino Events at Liquid Argon Detectors

This study focuses on understanding the physics of energy reconstruction in liquid argon detectors for neutrino events, including the challenges of missing energy from neutrons, nuclear breakup, and recombination. The goal is to improve the reconstruction strategy and evaluate the impact of cross-section uncertainty on oscillations.

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Understanding Neutrino Events at Liquid Argon Detectors

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  1. Understanding Neutrino Events at Liquid Argon Detectors Shirley Li Collaborator: A. Friedland Precision Investigations of the Neutrino Sector, July 2019

  2. Measuring and MH ~1000 km 0.5—5 GeV DUNE CDR Need to measure ShirleyLi (SLAC) 2/31

  3. DUNE detector 40 kton liquid argon TPC Detects charged particles above thresholds ShirleyLi (SLAC) 3/31

  4. The overarching question How well can we measure neutrino energy? Simulatedwith GENIE+FLUKA Friedland & Li, 2018 Shirley Li (SLAC) 4/31

  5. No consensus in the field Energy resolution from prior work Romeri, Fernandez-Martinez & Sorel, 2016 Shirley Li (SLAC) 5/31

  6. Two types of performance studies Fast Monte Carlo type DUNE CDR See physical connection; not quantitative Shirley Li (SLAC) 6/31

  7. Two types of performance studies Full propagation type Romeri, Fernandez-Martinez & Sorel, 2016 Complete; hide physical connection Shirley Li (SLAC) 7/31

  8. No consensus in the field Energy resolution from prior work Romeri, Fernandez-Martinez & Sorel, 2016 Shirley Li (SLAC) 8/31

  9. Our goal:Understanding the physics of energy reconstruction Shirley Li (SLAC)

  10. Calorimetric energy reconstruction Signal: Simulatedwith GENIE+FLUKA Friedland & Li, 2018 Separate and hadronic system : total collected charge -> energy : total collected charge -> energy or How to characterize its performance? Shirley Li (SLAC) 10/31

  11. Calorimetric energy reconstruction Signal: Should work perfectly if charge Problem arises if Understanding missing energy is the key Shirley Li (SLAC) 11/31

  12. Hadronic system Prompt vertex: Friedland & Li, 2018 GENIE default model 30 – 40% of neutrino energy, large fluctuations Shirley Li (SLAC) 12/31

  13. Hadronic system GENIE simulation Varied composition Friedland & Li, 2018 Multiple species contribute, large fluctuations Shirley Li (SLAC) 13/31

  14. Missing energy in After primary vertex Friedland & Li, 2018 Prompt neutrons are the biggest issue Shirley Li (SLAC) 14/31

  15. Secondary particle propagation Charged particles Friedland & Li, 2018 Many re-interactions Shirley Li (SLAC) 15/31

  16. Secondary particle propagation Neutrons Friedland & Li, 2018 Simulatedwith FLUKA Neutron deposit ~ 50% of its energy in ionization Shirley Li (SLAC) 16/31

  17. Secondary particle propagation Neutrons Friedland & Li, 2018 Simulatedwith GENIE+FLUKA Extremely challenging to reconstruct neutrons Shirley Li (SLAC) 17/31

  18. Secondary particle propagation Neutrons Friedland & Li, 2018 Simulatedwith GENIE+FLUKA Extremely challenging to reconstruct neutrons Shirley Li (SLAC) 17/31

  19. Secondary particle propagation Neutrons Friedland & Li, 2018 Simulatedwith GENIE+FLUKA Extremely challenging to reconstruct neutrons Shirley Li (SLAC) 17/31

  20. Missing energy in Recombination: Nuclear breakup: Energy -> nuclear binding energy Thresholds Neutrons After full propagation • charge Friedland & Li, 2018 Shirley Li (SLAC) 18/31

  21. Missing energy in Reducible vs. irreducible Friedland & Li, 2018 Reducible: threshold, rec Irreducible: nucl, , neutron Irreducible missing energy has to be simulated correctly Shirley Li (SLAC) 19/31

  22. Energy reconstruction results Friedland & Li, 2018 CDR th: method as it is Charge: collect all charges with no thresh. Best rec: no thresh., correct for recombination Shirley Li (SLAC) 20/31

  23. Two types of performance studies Shirley Li (SLAC)

  24. Two types of performance studies Fast Monte Carlo Full propagation DUNE CDR Romeri, Fernandez-Martinez & Sorel, 2016 Shirley Li (SLAC) 22/31

  25. Protons Energy distribution Friedland & Li, in prep Shirley Li (SLAC) 23/31

  26. Protons Energy distribution Friedland & Li, in prep Shirley Li (SLAC) 24/31

  27. Protons Visible energy Friedland & Li, in prep Large missing energy fraction Shirley Li (SLAC) 25/31

  28. Protons Energy resolution Friedland & Li, in prep Neutron-created charges are important Shirley Li (SLAC) 26/31

  29. Charged pions Friedland & Li, in prep Shirley Li (SLAC) 27/31

  30. Neutrons Friedland & Li, in prep Shirley Li (SLAC) 28/31

  31. Friedland & Li, 2018 Shirley Li (SLAC) 29/31

  32. Conclusions Basic performance of liquid argon were not understood We understand missing energy of neutrino events: neutrons, nuclear breakup, recombination Improve reconstruction strategy Details in arXiv:1811.06159, PRD 2019 Test beam data will be crucial for simulation validation Shirley Li (SLAC) 30/31

  33. Outlook • A framework to evaluate neutrino-nucleus cross section uncertainty impact on oscillations • Full propagation studies guarantee no missing physics • fastMC type studies need full, correct inputs • Easy to see physics connections Shirley Li (SLAC) 31/31

  34. Backup

  35. Bi-probability plot

  36. Comparisons to other work Friedland & Li, 2018 Romeri, Fernandez-Martinez & Sorel, 2016 Further studies warranted Shirley Li (SLAC)

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