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Amylase

Amylase. Matthew Ramos Alan Navarro. What is an Enzyme?. Enzymes are a type of protein made when the DNA of a cell is transcribed into RNA and amino acids come together to form a polypeptide chain, just like any other protein.

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Amylase

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  1. Amylase Matthew Ramos Alan Navarro

  2. What is an Enzyme? • Enzymes are a type of protein made when the DNA of a cell is transcribed into RNA and amino acids come together to form a polypeptide chain, just like any other protein. • All enzymes, based on their primary structure, have unique 3-D shapes that are important for the ability of the protein to carry out its tasks (the idea of form fits function)

  3. Form Fits Function • As I said, every type of enzyme has its own unique sequence of amino acids that make it up. • This sequence determines the 3-D shape of the enzyme, as well as the shape of the active site. • The active site is what binds with the substrate (reactants) in order to decrease activation energy. • Due to their shape, each active site can only bind to a specific substrate (enzymes and substrates fit together similar to a lock and key).

  4. Amylase • It was the first enzyme to be discovered and isolated, by Anselme Payen in 1833. • It has three different forms: (Alpha Amylase, Beta Amylase, Gamma Amylase) that are each found in different areas of the body. • For example: Saliva, Pancreas, Digestive lining.

  5. What does amylase do? • Amylase is a digestive enzyme that acts on starch in food, breaking it down into smaller carbohydrate molecules. • Carbohydrates are an important and immediate source of energy for the body. http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110918162818AAUROrt

  6. 3 Types of Amylase • (Alpha)For the human body, the saliva and pancreas both contain alpha amylase, it is the major digestive enzyme in the body. • Its optimal PH is around 6.7-7.0. • Beta amylase is found only in the digestive tract and it has an optimal PH of 4.0-5.0. • The other tissues from animals and humans do not contain Beta Amylase, due to the high acidity. • Gamma Amylase has the most acidic optimal PH out of all 3 types of amylases. • Its optimal and most active level is around 3. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylase

  7. Factors that Affect It • Just like other enzymes, amylase is sensitive to changes in its environment; these changes can greatly affect the ability of the enzyme to function. • Among the factors that influence this enzyme are: • Temperature • PH • Substrate Concentration • Inhibitors

  8. Regulating • As is common if most form of life, Amylase is regulated allosterically, meaning that an inhibitor will attach it self to a spot on the enzyme and from there will either stabilize the active or inactive form of amylase • Chloride is known for being able to activate amylase enzymes in mammals • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylase

  9. http://baylorbarbee.com/blog/how-to-change-the-world/ Uses in the Real World • Blood and urine tests can determine the concentration of amylase in the blood. • Since it should be a low value, higher than normal values on this test can help doctors detect pancreatic diseases. • Industrially, amylase is used for things like making beer by breaking down maltose. • Its presence in yeast is also important for bread-making. • It is even used by the clothing industry to soften starches in fabric (makes clothes softer)

  10. Uses in the Real World (continued) • A potato is very starchy and doesn’t contain a lot of sugar. However, when you chew one it will taste sweet because Amylase is breaking down the starch and turning it into sugar. • http://www.dothegreenthing.com/blog/you_say_potato_i_say_f_ing_amazing • http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110918162818AAUROrt

  11. Without it • If the body did not have amylase, then it would not be able to break down food. The body won’t get the energy it needs and will ultimately cease to function • However, supplements that help maintain proper levels of amylase are available. • http://www.anyvitamins.com/amylase-info.htm

  12. Quiz!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • What is the function of Amylase in the body? • Name 2 types of amylase found in the human body. • Name two real world uses of Amylase.

  13. Extra Sources • http://www.enzymeessentials.com/HTML/amylase.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylase • http://www.anyvitamins.com/amylase-info.htm • http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Amylase.html • http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/functions-amylase-protease-lipase-digestive-enzymes-3325.html • http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110918162818AAUROrt

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