Chapter 12.1 The Roman Way of Life

1. Chapter 12.1The Roman Way of Life

2. Tennessee SPIs 6.56 Compare/contrast the Titans with Olympian gods; explain the surrounding Greek mythology. 6.66 Describe the characteristics of slavery under the Roman revolt; explain the slave revolt led by Spartacus. 6.69 Describe the contributions of Roman civilization to law, literature, poetry, art, architecture, engineering, and technology. Include significance of Coliseum, Circus Maximus, roads, bridges, arches, arenas, baths, aqueducts, central heating, plumbing, and sanitation. 6.70 Explain the spread and influence of Roman alphabet and Latin language; use of Latin as language of education; role of Latin and Greek in scientific/academic vocabulary. 6.71 Compare/contrast Roman and Greek gods/goddesses; Jupiter, Venus, Mars, Neptune, Saturn, Pluto, Hera and their inclusion in modern society.

3. Daily Life • Roman cities were centers for culture, • Business, and government • Rome was the heart of the Roman Empire

4. The Empire’s Chief City • Rome • A.D. 1 more than 1 million people • Laid out in a square with streets at right angles

5. Forum • Roman Marketplace • Public square • Open space • Marketplace • Temples

6. Wealthy Romans • Lived in large, comfortable houses on hills • Marble walls • Tiled floors • Running water • Houses built around atriums • Also lived in villas outside the city

7. Less Wealthy Romans • Shopkeepers • Artisans • Most Romans did not have jobs • Lived in wooden apartment buildings • Building often collapsed or caught fire • People threw garbage in streets

8. Circus Maximus • Arena • Seated 150,000 people • Held chariot racers

9. Colosseum or Coliseum • Held gladiator fights

10. Colosseum or Coliseum • Sometimes used for navy battles

11. Gladiators • Slaves, criminals, prisoners, poor people • Fought to the death battles with each other or animals • If Emperor gives a thumbs up, gladiator lives, a thumbs down, gladiator dies

12. The Roman Family • Married children often lived with parents • Fathers could sell children into slavery or could put them to death • Romans were likely to divorce and remarry

13. Roman Boys and Girls • Studied reading, writing, arithmetic, and rhetoric • Boys became adults at 15 • Girls married at around age 14

14. Roman Women • Women were not full citizens • Wealthy women Poor Women • Owned land did housework • Ran businesses helped husband • Sold property

15. Rome and Slavery • Slavery was part of Roman life • Roman soldiers took conquered peoples as prisoners • Prisoners were sold into slavery

16. Rome and Slavery • Slaves led a miserable lives • Worked in homes • Harvested crops • Mined ore • Built roads, bridges, and aqueducts

17. Spartacus • Gladiator • Led a rebellion of 70,000 slaves • Crushed by Roman soldiers • 6,000 followers were crucified

18. Religion and Philosophy • Romans believed gods controlled all of life • Greek gods and goddesses were given Roman names

19. Science and Art • Rome was influenced by Greeks • Romans copied Greeks in many ways but changed it to match their own needs

20. Science • Galen • Greek doctor • Introduced medical ideas to Rome • Studied anatomy

21. Ptolemy • Scientist • Lived in Alexandria, Egypt • Studied the sky

22. Roman Roads • Connected Rome to every part of the Empire • “All Roads lead to Rome” • 50,000 miles of roads • Enough to circle the world 10 times

23. Appian Way • Linked Rome to Southeastern Italy • Roads allowed Roman soldiers to quickly travel to different regions • Merchants used roads to trade

24. Aqueducts • A way to bring water to cities • Used arches

25. Roman Numerals • Still used today for dates on buildings, outlines, and Super Bowl games

26. Art and Architecture • Copied Greek art and architecture • Greek Statues showed perfect-looking people • Roman Statues were more realistic

27. Roman Arch • Used arches in bridges, aqueducts, and buildings

28. Vault or curved ceiling

29. Concrete • Mixture of volcanic ash, lime, and water • Mix was as hard as a rock • Made Roman structures last

30. Colosseum • Colosseum made from concrete

31. Pantheon • Temple built to honor Roman gods • Domed roof was largest of its time • Oldest undamaged building in the world

32. Literature • Greek presented plays ending with a moral • Romans added a more human side

33. Virgil • Wrote The Aeneid which tells the story of the founding of Rome

34. Theater and Language • Theater was popular Roman pastime • Actors wore masks

35. Latin • Language of Romans • Basis for Italian, French, Spanish, and Romanian • Many English words come from Latin