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IEEE 802.16 Broadband WMAN Overview

IEEE 802.16 Broadband WMAN Overview. 802.16 Standard History. WiMAX Forum Memberships. Over 500 WiMAX Forum Members 70X membership growth since 2002. Source : WiMAX Forum. IEEE 802.16 Standard and amendments. Fixed Broadband Wireless Access (FBWA) Systems Air Interface (MAC and PHY)

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IEEE 802.16 Broadband WMAN Overview

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  1. IEEE 802.16Broadband WMAN Overview

  2. 802.16 Standard History

  3. WiMAX Forum Memberships • Over 500 WiMAX Forum Members • 70X membership growth since 2002 Source : WiMAX Forum

  4. IEEE 802.16 Standard and amendments • Fixed Broadband Wireless Access (FBWA) Systems • Air Interface (MAC and PHY) • Band 10-66GHz (ranges 1/2/3 : 10-23.5GHz/23.5-43.5GHz/43.5-66GHz) 25/28MHz per channel • line-of-sight (LOS) requirement • One PHY • WirelessMAN-SC(Single Carrier) • Point-to-Multipoint Topology (Star) • TDD/FDD option with burst profile (depending on SNR) • Completed in October 2001 • Published in April 2002 • Followup interoperability projects • 802.16c (Profiles): published in Jan 2003 • 802.16.1 (PICS) • PICS : Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement • 802.16.2 (“10-66GHz Coexistence of FBWA Systems”) • Focus on 23.5 to 43.5 GHz (local multipoint distribution service (LMDS), millimeter wave, etc.,) • WiMAXsubmitted proposal in Jan 2003

  5. IEEE 802.16a Standard • “Medium Access Control Modifications and AdditionalPhysical Layer Specifications for 2–11 GHz” • Band2-11GHz • Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) requirement and Multi-path issue • Near-LOS • License-exempt band 5-6 GHz (802.11a and HIPERLAN II) • Three PHYs • WirelessMAN-SC2 (single carrier) • WirelessMAN-OFDM (multiple carriers with 256-point transform) • is mandatory for license exempt bands • WirelessMAN-OFDMA (multiple carriers with 2048-point transform) • Multiple access is provided by addressing a subset of the multiple carriers to individual receivers • Scalable : 128, 512, 1024 and 2048 • Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS) (optional) • Add mesh network topology (MAC) • Provide automatic repeat request (ARQ) – retransmission (MAC) • vs. HARQ • Most important : MIMO • Completed in November 2002 and ApprovedApril 2003

  6. IEEE 802.16a Standard • license-exempt bands below 11 GHz • The PHY and MAC introduce mechanisms such as dynamic frequency selection (DFS) to detect and avoid interference.

  7. IEEE 802.16-2004 Standard • IEEE Std 802.16™-2004 • “Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems” -IEEE 802.16d • Approved 24 June 2004 • This standard revises and consolidates IEEE Std 802.16-2001, IEEE Std 802.16a™-2003, and IEEE Std 802.16c™-2002. • IEEE Std 802.16f • 16-2004 MIB • standarized • IEEE Std 802.16i • 16e2005 MIB

  8. IEEE 802.16e • “Amendment for Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands” • Focus on 2-6GHz (700MHz is considered now) • 1.25-20MHZ per channel • Enhance OFDMA PHY (w/ subchannelisation) • Data rate • 10Mhz/channel, OFDMA-64QAM provides 30Mbps • Max. moving speed : 120km/h (vehicle) • Range : several Kms • vs. IEEE 802.20 • Below 3.5GHz • Max. moving speed : 250Km/h (high-speed train) • vs. 3G

  9. Logical network reference model, control plane 802.16e-2005 NCMS IB and A interfaces : Transport protocol is not specified in 2004/2005 They are defined by 16g group and WiMAX Forum NWG

  10. Current Activities • IEEE Std 802.16g (RRM : Radio Resource management) • System/resource/handover Management • Interoperability • IEEE Std 802.16h LE “License Exempt” • Co-existence procedures • US LE TV Bands, Non--exclusive licensed bands (US: FCC 3650-3700 MHz) • IEEE Std 802.16k “Bridging” • “Mobile Multi-hop Mesh/Relay Networking in IEEE 802.16” • IEEE Std 802.16j “Multihop Relay” • “Mobile Multi-hop Mesh/Relay Networking in IEEE 802.16” • IEEE Std 802.16m “no name yet” • Next generation of IEEE 802.16e • IEEE Maintenance Group • Fix inconsistence and incorrectness in previous specifications

  11. 802.16m WiMAX 2 IMT - Advanced (Licensed) 802.16e Fixed and Mobile (Licensed : Non-LOS: < 6GHz) Dec 2005 ~Q4 2009 802.16j MMR Mobile Multi-hop Relay 802.16f Fixed MIBs 802.16i Mobile MIBs ~Q4 2007 Sept 2005 ~Q2 2007 802.16g Fixed and Mobile Management ~Q1 2007 Standard Evolution 802.16-2004 Fixed Applications (Licensed/Unlicensed- Non-LOS: < 11GHz & LOS: 10-66GHz) 802.16h License Exempt Co-existence Procedures (Unlicensed) July 2004 Dec 2004 July 1999 ~Q3 2007 802.16/ Corrigendum 1&2 Feb 2004 7/05 & ~Q1/07 4/04 & 10/06 Nov 2006 Sept 2004 March 2006 Dec 2005 IEEE Standards Under development Aug 2004 Tentative schedule

  12. Worldwide License and License Exempt Band 1.5GHz Note : 700MHz allocated for DTV broadcasting now considered used by 16e WMAN

  13. 802.16-2004 PHY Profile (1/2)

  14. 802.16-2004 PHY Profile (2/2)

  15. 802.16e-2005 PHY Profile

  16. WiMAX Forum System Profile

  17. MAC Overview • Connection-oriented • Supports difficult user environments • High bandwidth, hundreds of users per channel • For variable Continuous and Burst traffic • Very efficient use of spectrum • Protocol-Independent core (ATM, IP, Ethernet, …) • Balances between stability of contentionless and efficiency of contention-based operation • Negotiate the burst profile between sender and receiver • Flexible QoS offerings • CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR, BE • Supports multiple 802.16 PHYs • Handover

  18. Protocol Stack Packet ATM SSCS Packet convergence Sublayer (PCS) (security sublayer 16-2004)

  19. Fixed + Mobile Standard

  20. Features • Scalability • Scalable PHY for Flexible channel bandwidths (1.25-20MHz) as global RF band allocations vary. • Flexible Frequency reuse schemes for network planning. • High Data Rates • Large MAC frames with low overhead, advanced FEC, Adaptive modulation, HARQ for reducing packet loss, Beamforming (AAS), Space-time diversity, MIMO. • QoS • Traffic types, QoS with service flows, advanced scheduling framework, adaptive modulation and coding, ARQ, HARQ • Mobility • Secure Optimized Hard Handover, Fast BS Switching Handover, Soft Handover, Power Management with sleep and idle mode • Security • EAP Authentication, Encryption with AES-CCM, CMAC Authentication mode, X.509 Certificates, Key binding, Device and User authentication capability

  21. Adaptive PHY • Adaptive modulation

  22. Data Rates in IEEE 802.16 SC • Modulation Schemes :QPSK, 16-QAMand64-QAM • 20 MHz/channel (4M PSs/frame/ms = 16Msymols/ms) • 32Mbps / 64Mbps / 96Mbps • 25 MHz/channel (5M PSs/frame/ms = 20Msymbols/ms) • 40Mbps / 80Mbps / 120Mbps • 28 MHz/channel (5.6M PSs/frame/ms = 22.4Msymbols/ms) • 44.8Mbps / 89.6Mbps / 134.4Mbps Uplink mandatory US European 0.5, 1 or 2 ms downlink mandatory

  23. Data Rates in IEEE 802.16a OFDM/ OFDMA Raw bit rate = Nused╳ Number of bits per modulation ╳Coding rate∕Sampling time

  24. Data Rates in IEEE 802.16e OFDMA

  25. Key 802.16a MAC/PHY Features • 2-11GHz • License-exempt band 5-6 GHz • OFDM/OFDMA support • ARQ • Space-Time Coding (STC) • There are two transmit antennason the BS side and one reception antenna on the SS side. • Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) • license-exempt • Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) support • Mesh Mode • Optional topology for license-exempt operation only (TDD only) • Subscriber-to-Subscriber communications • Complex topology and messaging

  26. Features • OFDM (WirelessMAN-OFDM Air Interface) • Two contention based BW request mechanisms • Bandwidth Request Header • Focused Contention Transmission with Contention Code over Contention Channel consisting of 4 carriers • OFDMA (WirelessMAN-OFDMA Air Interface) • Two contention based BW request mechanisms • Bandwidth Request Header • Specifies a Ranging Subchannel and a subset of Ranging Codes that are used for contention-based BW requests (CDMA mechanism)

  27. Mesh-based WirelessMAN • The WirelessHUMAN system provides optional support for Mesh topology. • Unlike the point-2-multipoint (PMP) mode, there are no clearly separate downlink and uplink subframes in the Mesh mode. Roofnet! Source: Nokia Networks

  28. WirelessHUMAN Mesh deployment model

  29. IEEE 802.16 , 16a and 16e mobile Mesh topology * mobile HARQ mobile Mesh topology * 5-6GHz HUMAN : High-Speed Unlicensed Metropolitan Area Network

  30. Spectrum International Licensed International Licensed UNII US Licensed Japan Licensed ISM GHz 6 5 2 3 4 1 • 802.16a has both licensed and license-exempt options • License • 2.3(Korea), 2.5(U.S.), 3.5(various countries), 4.8 GHz(Japan) • License-exempt • 2.4, 5.8 GHz (ISM)

  31. Licensed Band • Licensed Band: 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz • License band has a more generous power budget • Federal Communication Commission (FCC) has create the Broadband Radio Service (BRS) for wireless broadband access • 2.495 GHz ~ 2.690 GHz bands (US) • Question : what will happen if we design a gateway box with 2.4GHz 802.11b/g and 2.5GHz 802.16x NICs ? • European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has allocated the 3.5 GHz band • Originally used for Wireless Local Loop (WLL)

  32. Licensed-Exempt Band • Licensed-Exempt Band: 5 GHz • The majority usage around world is 5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.725-5.825 GHz • Some governments and service providers concern the usage of the band could affect critical public and government communication networks • UK is currently introducing restriction on certain 5 GHz channels and enforcing the use of DFS function • Mexican government is moving toward licensing at least one of the 5 GHz “to benefit the people”

  33. Spectrum • Band and frequencies available for WiMAX Source : Intel White Paper

  34. Adaptive Antenna System • A system adaptively exploiting more than one antenna to improve the coverage and the system capacity • Adapt the antenna pattern and concentrating its radiation to each individual subscriber • The spectral efficiency can be increased linearly with the number of antenna elements • steering beams to multiple users simultaneously so as to realize an inter-cell frequency reuse • Reduce interference

  35. Mobility-WMAN Requirement (0.5w) (50mw) Adopted from : 802.16e requirements from an operator’s perspective, Mar. 2003.

  36. Technical Glossary • AAA – Authentication Authorization Accounting • BS – Base Station • BTC – Block Turbo Code • CMAC – Cipher based Message Authentication Code • CTC – Convolutional Turbo Code • DL – Down Link Transmission (BS to MS) • EAP – Extensible Authentication Protocol • FEC – Forward Error Correction scheme • FFT – Fast Fourier Transform • HMAC – Hash based Message Authentication Code • LE – License Exempt • LOS – Line of Sight • MAC – Media Access Control (Logical Link Layer) • MBS – Multicast Broadcast Services

  37. Technical Glossary • MIB – Management Information Base • MIMO – Multiple Input Mulitple Output (Multi Antenna transmissions) • MS – Mobile Station or Terminal • N-LOS – Non Line of Sight • OFDM – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex • OFDMA – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access • PKM – Privacy Key Management Protocol • PMK –Pairwise Master Key • QoS – Quality of Service • STC – Space Time Coding • TEK – Traffic Encryption Key • UL – Up Link Transmission (MS to BS)

  38. THANK YOU !Questions ?

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