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Cultural Competency and awareness

Cultural competence involves understanding diverse groups' beliefs, values, and behaviors to provide respectful and responsive health care services. Learn about cultural awareness in Togo, Haitian food beliefs, and Middle Eastern communication challenges.

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Cultural Competency and awareness

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  1. Cultural Competency and awareness Presented by Mazalo Looky, Fall 2014. MPH

  2. What is Cultural Competency? Culture is often described as the combination of a body of knowledge, a body of belief and a body of behavior. It involves a number of elements, including personal identification, language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions that are often specific to ethnic, racial, religious, geographic, or social groups.

  3. For the provider of health information or health care, these elements influence beliefs and belief systems surrounding health, healing, wellness, illness, disease, and delivery of health services. The concept of cultural competency has a positive effect on patient care delivery by enabling providers to deliver services that are respectful of and responsive to the health beliefs, practices and cultural and linguistic needs of diverse patients (CDC, 2014).

  4. Why is cultural competency important? Cultural competency is critical to reducing health disparities and improving access to high - quality health care, health care that is respectful of and responsive to the needs of diverse patients. When developed and implemented as a framework, cultural comp etence enables systems, agencies, and groups of professionals to function effectively to understand the needs of groups accessing health information and health care or participating in research - in an inclusive provider and the user of the in formation meet on common ground partnership where the (CDC, 2014).

  5. Cultural awareness: Togo, West Africa: Togolese usually have two or three meals per day, each consisting largely of a starch product, such as cassava, maize, rice, yams, or plantains. A hot, spicy sauce is served with midday or evening meals, consisting of a protein, fish, goat, beans, or beef and often rich in palm (red) oil or peanut paste. Fruits and vegetables, though readily available, are eaten more by the bourgeoisie. http://www.state.gov/p/af/ci/to/

  6. Traditional French staples, including baguettes, are mainstream in the cities. A Togolese funeral is a most important event. Wildly extravagant (by Western standards), funeral celebrations are a daily occurrence. Marching bands, choirs, football tournaments, banquets, and stately services are as fundamental as an expensively decorated coffin. Funerals often take place over a month or more, and families frequently sell or mortgage land or homes to pay for the funeral of a beloved and elderly relative. If the person dies in an accident, however, or some other sudden tragedy (AIDS, for example), this is considered a "hot death," and the funeral services are concluded more quickly, with little circumstance.

  7. Haitians: Food beliefs and rituals http://wtrys/namerica/caribb/ht.htm

  8. Food taboos and prescriptions Food prohibitions are related to particular diseases and life stages. For example, to avoid acne, teenagers should not drink citrus juices, such as orange or lemon. After strenuous activity or any activity that makes the body hot, one should not eat cold food because that will cause an imbalance ( chofret ). When ill, Haitians like pumpkin soup, bouillon, or a special soup of green vegetable, meat, plantain, dumplings and yam, all kinds of porridge, oatmeal, and akasan , a cornmeal cream prepared with milk, sugar, cinnamon, vanilla flavoring, and a pinch of salt.

  9. Haitian can present him or herself in the clinical area and says, “I am suffocating” (Map toufe) or “I cannot breathe” (Mwen-pa ka respire). As a care provider, offer oxygen only when absolutely necessary, as Haitians associate it with serious disease. Having a son a first born is extremely important because it means he will carry on the family name. Father does not participate in child bearing; he believes that birth is a private event that

  10. is best handled by women. Do not encourage male circumcision, believing that it reduces sexual satisfaction. Females are not circumcised. Haitians have inappropriate and undesirable attitudes about birth control. They are very sensitive and suspicious when topic of discussion is about STIs and HIV because, in 1982, Haiti was the first developing country blamed for the origin of AIDS. They still endure stigma of “Haitians are AIDS carriers.” They do not recognize male partner’s responsibility in preventing conception. Males resent condom use, believing that condoms reduce sexual pleasure.

  11. Dyspnea A primary respiratory ailment is oppression. Haitians use this term to describe asthma, a state of anxiety and hyperventilation. Consider oppression (like many respiratory conditions) a “cold” state. Patient says, “I am suffocating” (Map toufe) or “I cannot breathe” (Mwen-pa ka respire). Offer oxygen only when absolutely necessary, as Haitians associate it with serious disease.

  12. Middle east Indians women Middle Eastern Considering the Middle Eastern culture, communication can be a challenge between Middle Eastern patients and Western health care professionals. Middle Easterners approach life differently in significant ways from Westerners in terms of time control, power distance, male or female roles, personal space, and privacy. Ways of handling bad news should be consider. The degree of exposure to Western or American culture greatly affects an individual’s attitudes and behaviors. Religious affiliations are also extremely influential. While it is useful to apply.

  13. Middle Easterners touch more frequently, just like Togolese do. This difference in Westerns feel very uncomfortable. The collapsing of personal conversing space can make personal space may feel invasive or even somewhat aggressive. Privacy disclosing detailed personal information to Middle East individual may tend to resist strangers, including healthcare professionals . Data for health his tories may not be willingly given and request for information may be viewed with some suspicion until it is clear why the . Once trust with a caregiver is established, personal information is questions are being asked given more freely.

  14. Eritrea

  15. Eritreans believe in the healing powers of different plants, although they generally see a medical practitioner first. If Western medicine does not work, Eritreans may return home as a last resort to utilize natural native remedies. Eritreans may not realize that large quantities of some plants may interact with pharmaceutical drugs and therefore it should be explained that although herbs may not seem like medication to the patient, doctors should be informed if the patient is using them.

  16. Female circumcision is practiced in Eritrea and traditionally performed by lay healers. The type of female circumcision varies from region to region. Eritreans wish to have all males circumcised. Most Eritreans used hospitals in much the same way as here in the United States (Cooper, 2010). In the United States Eritreans generally try Western medicine first for treatment and believe that doctors in this country are able to help them. They may be concerned that too much blood is drawn for testing and would prefer to avoid this unless absolutely necessary.

  17. They may be resistant to blood transfusions but also understand that if absolutely necessary they will comply. If blood is being drawn, providers should explain exactly what the purpose is and what tests are being done on the blood. It should also be explained that blood tests do not necessarily provide a total medical overview and sometimes blood tests are looking for one specific variable. Gender concordance between the health care provider and the patient is considered important by many Eritreans. Eritrean men would prefer to be cared for by male health care providers.

  18. Eritrean women strongly wish to be cared for by female providers and if an interpreter is needed, a female is preferred (Cooper, 2010). If an Eritrean is diagnosed with a life-threatening illness, they first follow the Western medical plan. Eritreans strongly wish that the family be informed first of a serious illness or poor prognosis rather than the patient, this way the family can inform the patient. If the patient is expected to die, it should be explained to the family that organs will not be harvested without consent. This information is especially important if an autopsy is to be performed (Cooper, 2010).

  19. Vietnamese Cultural Profile

  20. To avoid confrontation or disrespect, many will not vocalize disagreement. Praising someone profusely is often regarded as flattery, and sometimes even mockery. Most people are very modest and deflect praise. Insults to elders or ancestors are very serious and often lead to severed social ties. General Etiquette Many will smile easily and often, regardless of the underlying emotion, so a smile cannot automatically be interpreted as happiness or agreement. Vietnamese often laugh in situations that other cultures may find inappropriate. This laughter is not intended as ridicule. Breaking a promise can be a serious violation of social expectation. It is very difficult to re-establish a lost confidence. When inviting a friend on an outing, the person who offers the invitation usually offers to pay to the bill. During social gatherings, Vietnamese will often arrive late so as not to appear overly enthusiastic. However, they are punctual to appointments in professional settings.

  21. Infant Feeding, Care Most Vietnamese women breastfeed their infants for the first 6-12 months (both in the U.S. and in Vietnam).In the Country of Origin, Western medicine in Vietnam consisted of many things, mostly antibiotics, Vitamin B12 shots for "feeling bad," and IV fluids.Attitudes towards suffering: Many see suffering and illness as an unavoidable part of life. Some also feel (the Hmong in particular) that the length of one's life is predetermined, and life prolonging or lifesaving care is futile. Also within the community, stoicism, a masculine trait among mostly older gentlemen, is a highly respected personal trait which can prevent people from seeking care. Poor physician-patient communication: Southeast Asian cultures value politeness, respect for authority, and avoidance of shame. Because of this, many will not ask questions, will not voice disagreement or concern, and will not reveal intentions or actions that seem in contrast to the physician’s wishes. If patients disagree or do not understand, they may simply listen and answer yes in respect, then not return for further care or comply with recommendations (Doan and Gruen, 2010).

  22. Establishing trust with our patients is the key for success in caring for different individuals in our communities.

  23. References cont’ Doan, O and Gruen, S. (2010). Vietnamese Cultural Profile. Retrieved October 20, 2014, from https://ethnomed.org/culture/vietnamese/vietnamese-cultural-profile Everyculture.com. (2014). Culture of Togo. Retrieved October 15, 2014, from http://www.everyculture.com/To-Z/Togo.html http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/ht.htm http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/caribb/ht.htm

  24. The End Thank you

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