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Can Vegetables Be More Productive Under Tree-Based Systems?

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University. AVRDC. AVRDC. AVRDC. AVRDC. AVRDC. AVRDC. AVRDC. AVRDC. AVRDC-WVC Thursday Seminar, 12 June 2008. Can Vegetables Be More Productive Under Tree-Based Systems?. Photo by Mandy Lin.

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Can Vegetables Be More Productive Under Tree-Based Systems?

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  1. North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC AVRDC-WVC Thursday Seminar, 12 June 2008 Can Vegetables Be More Productive Under Tree-Based Systems? Photo by Mandy Lin Manuel C. Palada, Ph.D. Crop & Ecosystem Management Specialist

  2. Overview of the SANREM CRSP Vegetable Agroforestry Project (VAF) Early studies on VAF Tree-vegetable crop interface/interactions Performance of AVRDC-WVC vegetable varieties under VAF Other results from the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam Summary VAF TMPEGS Team Outline

  3. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM (SANREM CRSP) Agroforestry and Sustainable Vegetable Production in Southeast Asian Watersheds (2005-2009)

  4. Strong Partnership De La Salle UPLB NCA&T Don Bosco UC Berkeley

  5. AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center AVRDC – WVC SANREM Team Manny Palada Mubarik Ali • Liwayway Engle Greg Luther Flordeliza Faustino

  6. Communities in many forest and vegetable producing watersheds in Southeast Asia are suffering from poverty, and forest, soil and water resources degradation Problem Statement

  7. VEGETABLE AGROFORESTRY PROJECT SITES Nghia Trung, Budang District, Binh Phuoc Province Vietnam May 11, 2006

  8. VEGETABLE AGROFORESTRY PROJECT SITES Nanggung, Indonesia May 3, 2006

  9. VEGETABLE AGROFORESTRY PROJECT SITES Lantapan, Philippines May 24, 2008

  10. Binh Phouc Province VIETNAM VAF: Cacao, cashew, coffee, bananas, timber trees, vegetables

  11. Nanggung Sub-District Near Jakarta Indonesia

  12. Indonesia VAF: Bananas, vegetables, mix trees

  13. Philippines Lantapan, Bukidnon Island of Mindanao VAF: alley cropping, vegetables, bananas, timber trees

  14. Communities in many forest and vegetable producing watersheds in Southeast Asia are suffering from poverty, and forest, soil and water resources degradation Problem Statement

  15. Response TMPEGS “TeaMPEGS”

  16. SANREM CRSP VAF TMPEGS

  17. TMPEGS Stands for our TeaM’s Philosophy Vegetable Agroforestry Systems in Southeast Asian Watersheds

  18. A peg is a pin forming a projection that may be used as a support PEGS TMPEGS Philosophy: “We are ‘PEGS’ supporting small scale farmers both women and men”

  19. Technology‘complementarity’ TMPEGS

  20. Marketing‘value chain’ TMPEGS

  21. Policy‘incentives’ TMPEGS

  22. E TMPEGS nvironmental & conomic-social impact ‘it works’

  23. Gender ‘equity’ TMPEGS

  24. Scaling-up‘contagiousness’ TMPEGS

  25. Conceptual Framework Technology Vegetables Baseline studies Complementary agroforestry systems Trees Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts Marketing Policy Gender Stakeholders mainly Small Scale Farmers both Women and Men Scaling-up Predominant flow Feedback flow

  26. Overall hypothesis In intensive vegetable production system in the uplands, monoculture systems are not sustainable, but integrating trees is feasible and offers better prospects.

  27. Alley Cropping Vegetable Agroforestry (VAF) systems is inevitably the most appropriate technology for the uplands to enhance the productivity, profitability and protective functions of vegetable production system in a sustainable manner, while reducing production risks and environmental hazards of vegetable production system.

  28. Vegetable Agroforestry Systems in Southeast Asian Watersheds Early Studies on Vegetable Agroforestry Systems International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Nigeria (1985-90) University of the U.S. Virgin Islands, St. Croix (1991-2001) Center for Subtropical Agroforestry, University of Florida (2002-2005)

  29. IITA, Nigeria No alley No alley With alley With alley No alley With alley Alley cropping Leucaena with leafy Chinese cabbage (Pai-tsai) Chen, Y.S., B.T. Kang and F.E. Caveness. 1989. Alley cropping vegetable crops with Leucaena in Southern Nigeria. HortScience 24(5):839-940.

  30. IITA, Nigeria Alley cropping with amaranthus, celosia, tomato and okra Treatments: Alley (+Fertilizer) Alley (-Fertilizer) No Alley (+Fertilizer) No Alley (-Fertilizer) Leucaena hedgerows: 4 m Alley width: 4 m Palada, M.C., B.T. Kang and S.L. Claassen. 1992. Effect of alley cropping Leucaena leucocephala and fertilizer on yield of vegetable crops. Agroforestry Systems 19:139-147.

  31. St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands Pruning hedgerows Pruning applied as mulch Hedgerow intercropping pigeonpea with bell pepper Palada, M.C., S.M.A. Crossman and C.D. Collingwood. 1992. Effect of pigeonpea hedgerows on soil water and yield of intercropped pepper. Proc. Caribbean Food Crops Soc. 28:517-532.

  32. St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands Alley cropping Moringa with medicinal plants and culinary herbs Palada, M.C., B.N. Becker, J.M. Mitchell and P.K.R. Nair. 2003. Cultivation of medicinal plants in alley cropping system with Moringa oleifera in the Virgin Islands. Pp. 60-76 In: Y.N. Clement and C.E. Seaforth (eds). Proc. 6th Int’l Workshop on Herbal Medicines for the Caribbean. Univ. of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago.

  33. St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands Rao, M.R., M.C. Palada and B.N. Becker. 2004. Medicinal and aromatic plants in agroforestry systems. Agroforestry Systems 61:107-122. Palada, M.C., J.M. Mitchell, B.N. Becker and P.K.R. Nair. 2005. The integration of medicinal plants and culinary herbs in agroforestry systems for the Caribbean: A study in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Acta Hort. 676:147-153.

  34. Hedgerow intecropping eggplant and sweet corn with Leucana, Gliricia, Moringa and Pigeonpea. Palada, M.C., J.J. O’Donnell, S.M.A. Crossman and J.A. Kowalski. 1994. Influence of four hedgerow species on yield of sweet corn and eggplant in an alley cropping system. Agron. Abst. 1994:7.

  35. Maize in Moringa hedgerows Maize in Leucaena hedgerows

  36. St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands No hedgerow plot 5 m Morinda hedgerows Hedgerow/alley plot 1 m Row 2 Row 3 Hot pepper Row 4 Row 1 Palada, M.C., B.N. Becker and J.M. Mitchell. 2004. Growth and yield of hot pepper in hedgerow intecropping with Morinda (Morinda citrifolia L.) during early establishment. Proc. Caribbean Food Crops Soc. 40:22-28.

  37. Photo by Mandy Lin Palada, M.C., S.M.A. Crossman and J.J. O’Donnell. 2004. Integrating high value horticultural crops into agroforestry systems in the tropics with focus on alley cropping. Proc. Symp. On Celebrating Minority Professionals in Forestry and Natural Resources Conservation. Florida A&M Univ. Tallahassee, Florida.

  38. Technology objective: Develop economically viable and ecologically-sound vegetable-agroforestry (VAF) systems TMPEGS

  39. Evolution of the AF system in Southern Philippines (Mindanao) (hedgerow intercropping) 1990-2000: NVS – Natural Veg. Strips 2000- present: commercial trees 1970-90: Pruned hedgerow ? Positive Control soil erosion Provide organic fertilizer Fodder for animal Negative Labor intensive Competes with crops: space, growth resources, labor, etc Positive Very cheap to establish Control soil erosion effectively Negative No economic benefits Potentials: Productivity/Profitability Sustainability Diversity Environmental services

  40. Environmental servicesReduction of soil loss..

  41. Relative yield of maize over six cropping periods as influenced by different timber tree species as hedgerows spaced at 8m x 3m Yield of control

  42. Vegetable Agroforestry Systems in Southeast Asian Watersheds Tree-Crop Interactionin Hedgerow Intercropping

  43. Vegetable Agroforestry System ResearchGoal: Tree-vegetable integration on farm with minimal negative interaction but optimal positive interaction, thus increasing productivity, economic profitability, nutrient use efficiency and environmental services

  44. Tree integration on intensive vegetable based systems with minimal negative interaction Approaches: • Tree-vegetable matching • Tree management • Crop management

  45. Assessment of existing VAF systems covering 21 farms, 2 AF systems, 6 tree species, 8 vegetables, 4 aspects. Data collected were tree parameters (stem diameter, tree height, canopy height and width), spatial performance of vegetables (height, stem diameter, crown width, biomass), spatial light transmission (fish eye photography/quantum light meter) Focus group discussion with 15 VAF farmers on various ways of integrating trees on vegetable farms and their practices and experiences on tree and vegetable management addressing tree-vegetable competition and complementarity Evaluation of 5 commercial, 20 indigenous, and 5 tree vegetables under tree-based system. Methodology

  46. Eucalyptus- tomato interaction under boundary planting system Average height at neutral zone (m)

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