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General Conference Briefing Dallas Area Rapid Transit Clean Fuel Fleet Program

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General Conference Briefing Dallas Area Rapid Transit Clean Fuel Fleet Program

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    2. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Presentation Agenda Background & Overview of results Various strategies of program Technologies deployed Experiences and lessons learned Future targets

    3. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Background Bus & Light Rail Operating profile 13 cities - +700 square miles 759 Buses 95 Light Rail Vehicles 170 Paratransit Vans & Sedans 400 Non-Revenue Vehicles 50 Passenger Facilities - ~12,000 Stops ~37,000,000 miles annually ~56,500,000 passengers annually Background on DARTBackground on DART

    4. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Board policy promulgated in early 1996 requires DART: “…take all reasonable steps and makes use of available technology to limit the amount of environmental pollutants…” “…procure and use engines and fuels which produce only low emissions of pollutants.” This initiative got started with a very reasonable set of board policies that have guided us over the last almost 10 years. READThis initiative got started with a very reasonable set of board policies that have guided us over the last almost 10 years. READ

    5. DART Clean Fuel Fleet 83% of fleet classified Texas Clean Fuel Fleet 95 ZEV LRVs (Electric) 11 ULEV Trolley Buses (CNG) 184 ULEV 40’ Transit Buses (LNG) 360 ULEV 40’ Transit Buses (Diesel) 200 ULEV Non-Revenue Vehicles (CNG) 170 LEV Paratransit vehicles (Diesel/Gasoline) 91 LEV 30’ Buses (Diesel) 75 LEV Non-Revenue Vehicles (Diesel/Gasoline) Of the approximate 1,400 vehicles in the DART fleet 83% of them are classified as Texas Clean Fuel Fleet vehicles.Of the approximate 1,400 vehicles in the DART fleet 83% of them are classified as Texas Clean Fuel Fleet vehicles.

    6. DART Clean Fuel Fleet TCEQ reported to State Legislature: DART generated 730 pollution credits in 2000 60% of all credits generated by Texas MTAs 219% more credits than next highest MTA Of the 1,216 credits generated by transit authorities, DART generated 730 or 60% of all the credits. Some 219% more than the next highest MTAOf the 1,216 credits generated by transit authorities, DART generated 730 or 60% of all the credits. Some 219% more than the next highest MTA

    7. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Fleet Replacement

    8. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Aggressive Fleet Replacement Program 708 buses replaced/retired since 1998 Fleet emissions reduced by 59% compared to `98 Eliminated 790 tons/year of NOx Reduced particulates to near-zero or below ambient

    9. DART Clean Fuel Fleet

    10. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Fleet Replacement Liquefied Natural Gas

    11. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Natural Gas Programs Expended $19.4m to date on bus & NRV programs DART consumes ~5.5m gallons of natural gas per year DART continues to absorb $0.08 per mile additional fuel cost with no additional subsidies

    12. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Project Results Published by NREL Available on-line at www.nrel.gov Confirmed improved exhaust emissions over `98 technology diesel Confirmed increased operating costs over `98 technology diesel

    13. DART Clean Fuel Fleet LNG Project Costs +$38k capital cost per bus $4.5mm per fueling facility $500k facility modifications 20k hours training Fuel +$0.08 per mile

    14. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Blue line is favorable because of our current fixed price natural gas contract that expires in 2005. Paying 2002 market prices Dotted red line is more indicative of current market prices and what we expect to experience upon contract renewal.Blue line is favorable because of our current fixed price natural gas contract that expires in 2005. Paying 2002 market prices Dotted red line is more indicative of current market prices and what we expect to experience upon contract renewal.

    15. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Fleet Replacement Liquefied Natural Gas EGR & Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel

    16. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Project Overview Installation of low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system Replacement of existing catalyzed muffler with upgraded system. Use of “ultra-low” sulfur fuel (15 ppm) LPEGR & particulate filters coupled with the use of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, the first in Northeast Texas. The project has three components The installation of a device called low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation. This is similar technology to that which exists today on your gasoline automobile. It diverts a small portion of the exhaust back into the engine to be re-burned. Reducing NOx The installation of an improved catalyzed muffler. This muffler now incorporates a filter that filters out fine particles of exhaust called “particulates” The last, and probably the most important, is the use of ultra low sulfur fuel <15ppm Talk about it being the “ENABLER” for technologiesLPEGR & particulate filters coupled with the use of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, the first in Northeast Texas. The project has three components The installation of a device called low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation. This is similar technology to that which exists today on your gasoline automobile. It diverts a small portion of the exhaust back into the engine to be re-burned. Reducing NOx The installation of an improved catalyzed muffler. This muffler now incorporates a filter that filters out fine particles of exhaust called “particulates” The last, and probably the most important, is the use of ultra low sulfur fuel <15ppm Talk about it being the “ENABLER” for technologies

    17. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Project Benefits 1,222 tons NOx reduction Positively effects other constituents Cost effectiveness factor - ~$6.9k/ton $13k TCEQ Funding Limit No infrastructure modifications Emissions equal to, or better than, natural gas DART and the TCEQ are excited about this project because of it’s many benefits It substantially reduces our NOx emissions, by over 1,200 tons over the life of the buses It has positive effects on other exhaust constituents as well, which I’ll show you in a moment At ~ $6.9k/ ton it is substantially below the cost effectiveness ceiling set by TNRCC of $13k per ton. It requires no modifications to our divisions, no new tanks etc. Emissions results are equal to or better than similar vintage natural gas DART and the TCEQ are excited about this project because of it’s many benefits It substantially reduces our NOx emissions, by over 1,200 tons over the life of the buses It has positive effects on other exhaust constituents as well, which I’ll show you in a moment At ~ $6.9k/ ton it is substantially below the cost effectiveness ceiling set by TNRCC of $13k per ton. It requires no modifications to our divisions, no new tanks etc. Emissions results are equal to or better than similar vintage natural gas

    18. This slide shows the results of the project in comparison to the “unmodified” bus and a similar bus operating on LNG. With the Engelhard equipment and ultra low sulfur diesel fuel we achieve a: Not only 52% reduction in NOx but a 91% reduction in Hydrocarbons 73% reduction in Carbon Monoxide And an 88% reduction in Particulates, but more impressive is that Particulates are reduced to 5/1,000th of a gram. 25% of that of our natural gas engines. Talk about the 98 & 02 standards This slide shows the results of the project in comparison to the “unmodified” bus and a similar bus operating on LNG. With the Engelhard equipment and ultra low sulfur diesel fuel we achieve a: Not only 52% reduction in NOx but a 91% reduction in Hydrocarbons 73% reduction in Carbon Monoxide And an 88% reduction in Particulates, but more impressive is that Particulates are reduced to 5/1,000th of a gram. 25% of that of our natural gas engines. Talk about the 98 & 02 standards

    19. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Texas Senate Bill 5 (Brown/Wolens) Enacted in 2001 Provides funding for cost effective retrofit of existing equipment to reduce NOx Established the Texas Emissions Reduction Program (TERP) to be administered through the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) While we were not able to secure CMAQ funding for these projects, many of these projects would likely be eligible for such funding in your areas. We were able to secure funding from a source unique to Texas. PROVIDE Background on TERPWhile we were not able to secure CMAQ funding for these projects, many of these projects would likely be eligible for such funding in your areas. We were able to secure funding from a source unique to Texas. PROVIDE Background on TERP

    20. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Applied for several TERP grants through the TCEQ 1st Grant - $7,591,680 – Awarded 6/2002 Retrofit of 360 buses with low-pressure EGR Early deployment of ultra-low sulfur diesel 1,222 tons NOx reduction over life of equipment 2nd Grant - $324,000 – Awarded 8/2003 Continued use of ULSD up to TxLED requirement 25 tons NOx reduction over life of activity

    21. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Applied for several TERP grants through the TCEQ 3rd Grant - $589,720 – Contract Pending Retrofit of 80 buses with low-NOx technology Expanded use of ULSD in balance of fleet 80 tons of NOx reduction over life of equipment Program has funded a reduction in fleet emissions of ~1,300 tons This is our latest grant which is pending contract. This technology I’ll cover in a few minutes.This is our latest grant which is pending contract. This technology I’ll cover in a few minutes.

    22. DART Clean Fuel Fleet This chart quantifies the other component of the TERP program which is cost effectiveness. This shows the cost per ton of NOx reduction for each of our two emissions reduction technologies, LNG and EGR. The emissions reductions coupled with the cost effectiveness really makes this latest project exciting. This chart quantifies the other component of the TERP program which is cost effectiveness. This shows the cost per ton of NOx reduction for each of our two emissions reduction technologies, LNG and EGR. The emissions reductions coupled with the cost effectiveness really makes this latest project exciting.

    23. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Fleet Replacement Liquefied Natural Gas EGR & Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment

    24. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Project Overview Installation of exhaust aftertreatment device Certified 50-States August 2004 Cleaire Longview System Modular Design The latest project is installation of exhaust aftertreatment on 2002 year model buses System has now been certified and verified in all 50 states as of August 2004 Modular design allowing for ease of installationThe latest project is installation of exhaust aftertreatment on 2002 year model buses System has now been certified and verified in all 50 states as of August 2004 Modular design allowing for ease of installation

    25. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Schematic of Cleaire Longview Schematic of Cleaire Longview

    26. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Project Overview NOx Reduction Catalyst Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Use of “ultra-low” sulfur fuel (15 ppm) 25% NOx Reduction >85% PM Reduction Incorporates both a NOx reduction catalyst and a catalyzed particulate filter Requires use of ultra low sulfur fuel Impressive emissions reductionIncorporates both a NOx reduction catalyst and a catalyzed particulate filter Requires use of ultra low sulfur fuel Impressive emissions reduction

    27. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Project Benefits 80 tons NOx reduction Positively effects other constituents Cost effectiveness factor - ~$7k/ton $13k TCEQ Funding Limit No infrastructure modifications Modular design for ease of installation 25% NOx reduction = 80 tons over life of equipment >85% PM reduction >60% reduction in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons Very cost effective at $7k/ton NOx reduction No other facility or infrastructure modifications 25% NOx reduction = 80 tons over life of equipment >85% PM reduction >60% reduction in carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons Very cost effective at $7k/ton NOx reduction No other facility or infrastructure modifications

    28. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Lessons Learned Remain fuel-neutral Allow technology to drive solutions Seek private/public partnerships & participation Prepare for technology changes Modify support contract relationships

    29. DART Clean Fuel Fleet 2000 = 4.0g 2002 = 2.4g 2007 = 0.2g2000 = 4.0g 2002 = 2.4g 2007 = 0.2g

    30. DART Clean Fuel Fleet Briefing

    32. DART Clean Fuel Fleet

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